A researcher is interested in learning whether attendance at a high school with strict rules of discipline and conduct tends to produce authoritarian students. He locates two high schools that are located in very similar neighborhoods serving similar racial and socioeconomic groups. School A promotes strict rules of discipline and conduct, and most of its teachers and administrators have higher than average scores on a measure of authoritarianism. School B employs flexible rules of discipline and conduct, has a high level of student involvement in formulating school rules, and primarily employs teachers and administrators with lower than average scores on a test of authoritarianism.
a. In a pilot study the researcher randomly selects 25 students from each school and administers a 40-item scale of authoritarianism. What statistical technique should be used to analyze these data?
b. Each high school has 12 extracurricular programs that are classified by a group of independent judges as either high, average, or low in terms of authoritarian structure and activities. The researcher wishes to compare the proportion of students in each school who participated in each of the three types of programs. What statistical technique should be used to make this comparison?
c. In checking school records, the researcher found that most seniors in the two high schools had been administered the California F scale (a measure of authoritarianism) during their last year of junior high school. He decides to administer a different but similar authoritarianism measure to seniors who had taken the earlier test, and then see how the senior-level authoritarianism scores differed between students in the two schools when their earlier scores were taken into consideration. What statistical technique should be used?
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