Question 1

Atoms take part in bond formation to
A) form polypeptides
B) attain a stable electron configuration
C) increase their charge density
D) increase their energy

Accepted Answer

Atoms take part in bond formation to attain a stable electron configuration, which usually involves filling their outermost energy level with electrons to achieve the closest noble gas electron configuration. This increased stability decreases the energy of the atom, making it less likely to react and form bonds with other atoms.

Question 2

Which one of the following pairs is matched correctly?
A) carbon-organic compounds
B) glucose- hydrogen bonds
C) ions-covalent bonds
D) phosphate-enzyme

Accepted Answer

Carbon is the backbone of organic compounds, which include molecules containing carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. Glucose is an example of an organic compound, which is a type of carbohydrate. Ions are typically involved in ionic bonds, which involve the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, and enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, but do not contain phosphates in their structure.

Question 3

The smallest particle of matter that can take part in chemical reactions
A) glucose
B) compound
C) neutron
D) atom

Accepted Answer

The smallest particle of matter that can take part in chemical reactions is an atom. Glucose is a type of sugar and is a compound composed of multiple atoms. Neutrons, while a component of atoms, cannot take part in chemical reactions on their own. Compound is not the smallest particle of matter, but rather a combination of multiple atoms.

Question 4

A nucleic acid has a "backbone" consisting of
A) nitrogenous bases
B) sugars
C) phosphates.
D) b and c

Accepted Answer

A nucleic acid has a backbone consisting of both sugars and phosphates. Nitrogenous bases are attached to the sugar molecules forming the rungs of the DNA ladder.

Question 5

Chemical reactions occur:
A) between elements that have magnetic repulsion.
B) rarely as very few elements have electrons in their outer shell.
C) during metabolism as they are necessary for making the substance of cells.
D) only in eukaryotes as they require a nucleus.

Accepted Answer

Chemical reactions are necessary for metabolism, which is the process through which organisms convert molecules into energy and create the building blocks of cells.

Question 6

In order to become an ion,an atom of chlorine must
A) gain an electron
B) form a covalent bond
C) lose an electron
D) form a hydrogen bond

Accepted Answer

Chlorine has 7 electrons in its outermost shell and needs one more electron to fill the shell and become stable. Therefore, it will gain an electron to become an ion with a negative charge.

Question 7

Two or more atoms combine to form
A) a cation.
B) a molecule.
C) a protein.
D) an ion.

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms combine chemically. A cation is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons, while an ion can be any atom or molecule with an unequal number of protons and electrons. A protein is a complex biomolecule composed of amino acid chains.

Question 8

Electrons that have more energy have a _______ charge and are found in the _________.
A) positive; inner electron shell
B) positive; outer electron shell
C) negative; nucleus
D) negative; outer electron shell

Accepted Answer

Electrons with more energy have a negative charge and are found in the outer electron shell of an atom. Electrons in the inner electron shell have less energy and a more positive charge due to the attraction of the positively charged nucleus.

Question 9

Chemically stable atoms are inert or less likely to form chemical bonds. What characterizes a chemically stable element?
A) has eight electrons in the outer shell
B) has the same number of protons as electrons
C) atomic number is equal to the atomic mass
D) forms hydrogen bonds

Accepted Answer

A chemically stable element typically has a full valence shell, which means it has eight electrons in the outermost shell (except for hydrogen and helium, which only have two). This full valence shell makes the element less likely to form chemical bonds. Choices B and C are characteristics of all neutral atoms, not just chemically stable ones. Choice D is inaccurate since hydrogen bonds involve hydrogen atoms, not stable elements.

Question 10

The total number of protons in an atom is equal to its
A) atomic weight
B) molecular weight
C) chemical weight
D) atomic number

Accepted Answer

The total number of protons in an atom is referred to as its atomic number. This number determines the element to which the atom belongs and its chemical properties. The other options are incorrect as they do not relate to the number of protons in an atom.

Question 11

The atomic nucleus consists of:
A) cations and anions
B) protons, electrons and neutrons
C) protons and neutrons
D) solutes and colloids

Accepted Answer

The atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, which are collectively known as nucleons. Electrons are located outside the nucleus in electron shells. Cations and anions refer to charged atoms or molecules, while solutes and colloids refer to types of mixtures.

Question 12

An ion is all of the following except:
A) a charged atom
B) an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons
C) either a cation or an anion
D) an atom with the same number of protons as electrons

Accepted Answer

An ion is defined as an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative charge. Therefore, an ion does not have the same number of protons and electrons, as stated in choice D.

Question 13

When sodium hydroxide,a strong base,is added to water,the pH of the solution
A) goes up.
B) remains the same.
C) goes down.
D) cannot be determined.

Accepted Answer

Strong bases like sodium hydroxide dissociate completely in water to release hydroxide ions (OH^-). The presence of these ions in the solution increase the concentration of hydroxide ions, which in turn decrease the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and increase the pH of the solution. Therefore, when sodium hydroxide is added to water, the pH of the solution goes up.

Question 14

Combinations that form from mixtures of different elements are called
A) isotopes
B) atoms
C) ions
D) compounds

Accepted Answer

Combinations that form from mixtures of different elements are known as compounds, which consist of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio. Isotopes refer to different forms of the same element with varying numbers of neutrons, while atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Ions are charged particles that form when an atom gains or loses electrons.

Question 15

The double helix is a structure associated with
A) disaccarides
B) a compound with hydrogen bonds
C) lipids
D) DNA

Accepted Answer

The double helix structure is commonly associated with DNA, which is a molecule made up of nucleotide building blocks. The double helix refers to the spiraling, ladder-like structure of the DNA molecule, which is held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

Question 16

Ions with opposite charges are generally held together by
A) covalent bonds
B) ionic bonds
C) hydrogen bonds
D) municipal bonds

Accepted Answer

Ions with opposite charges are generally held together by ionic bonds. This is because ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. These oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other, forming an ionic bond.

Question 17

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) Protein-amino acids
B) Nucleic acids- nucleotides
C) Carbohydrates- glucose
D) Fats- aldehyde

Accepted Answer

Fats are composed of fatty acids and glycerol, not aldehydes.

Question 18

When proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains,the arrangement of these chains is referred to as:
A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains to form a functional protein. Therefore, if a protein is made up of several polypeptide chains, its arrangement would be referred to as quaternary structure. Primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids, secondary structure refers to local folding patterns such as alpha helices and beta sheets, and tertiary structure refers to the overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide chain.

Question 19

Proteins are chains of ______ that sometimes function as________
A) disaccharides; cell wall
B) amino acids; enzymes
C) lipids; energy compounds
D) glycogen; enzymes

Accepted Answer

Proteins are chains of amino acids that can function as enzymes, which are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms. Disaccharides are a type of carbohydrate, and while they may be important for energy storage or structural support, they do not function as proteins. Lipids are another type of biomolecule, but they are not typically involved in enzymatic reactions. Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals, but it is not a protein and does not function as an enzyme.

Question 20

The three fundamental particles of the atom are
A) elements, molecules, compounds
B) ions, cations, anions.
C) proteins, lipids, sugars
D) proton, neutron, electron

Accepted Answer

The three fundamental particles of the atom are proton, neutron, and electron. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Quiz 2: Fundamentals of Chemistry

Atoms take part in bond formation to

Which one of the following pairs is matched correctly?

The smallest particle of matter that can take part in chemical reactions

A nucleic acid has a "backbone" consisting of

Chemical reactions occur:

In order to become an ion,an atom of chlorine must

Two or more atoms combine to form

Electrons that have more energy have a _ charge and are found in the ___.

Chemically stable atoms are inert or less likely to form chemical bonds. What characterizes a chemically stable element?

The total number of protons in an atom is equal to its

The atomic nucleus consists of:

An ion is all of the following except:

When sodium hydroxide,a strong base,is added to water,the pH of the solution

Combinations that form from mixtures of different elements are called

The double helix is a structure associated with

Ions with opposite charges are generally held together by

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

When proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains,the arrangement of these chains is referred to as:

Proteins are chains of that sometimes function as__

The three fundamental particles of the atom are