Question 1

The textbook gave examples of the use of statistics in the fields of
A) law
B) history
C) both law and history
D) neither law nor history.

Accepted Answer

Statistics are widely used in both law and history for various purposes such as analyzing historical data, trends, and legal outcomes, making choice C correct.

Question 2

The junior class is to the student body as
A) a constant is to a variable
B) a sample is to a population
C) the independent variable is to the dependent variable
D) descriptive statistics is to inferential statistics.

Accepted Answer

The junior class represents a subset of the entire student body, similar to how a sample is a subset of the entire population. This analogy captures the relationship between a smaller, specific group and a larger, more general group.

Question 3

A sample is to a population as
A) cars are to trucks
B) cousins are to relatives
C) friends are to enemies
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of a population, just as cousins are a subset of relatives. Choices A and C do not represent a subset relationship.

Question 4

Lower and upper limits are a characteristic of
A) quantitative variables
B) qualitative variables
C) both quantitative and qualitative variables
D) neither quantitative nor qualitative variables.

Accepted Answer

Lower and upper limits are characteristics of quantitative variables because they can be measured and expressed numerically, allowing for the determination of specific ranges or limits.

Question 5

You never have a lower and an upper limit for a(n)
A) qualitative variable
B) dependent variable
C) score on the ratio scale
D) IQ score.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative variables, also known as categorical variables, consist of categories or types that do not have a numerical value or order. Therefore, they do not have a lower or upper limit in the same sense that quantitative variables do. Quantitative variables, such as those on the ratio scale or IQ scores, can have defined lower and upper limits based on the measurement scale.

Question 6

The lower limit of a quantitative score of 5 is
A) 0
B) 4
C) 4.5
D) 5.0.

Accepted Answer

The lower limit of a quantitative score is typically defined as half a unit less than the score itself. Therefore, for a score of 5, the lower limit would be 5 - 0.5 = 4.5.

Question 7

A score of 9 was obtained when a quantitative variable was measured. The upper limit of this score is
A) 10
B) 9.5
C) 9.0
D) none of the other alternatives are correct

Accepted Answer

The upper limit of a score in a continuous quantitative variable is typically halfway between the score and the next possible score, which is 9.5 in this case.

Question 8

When numbers are used as substitutes for names, the numbers constitute a(n) variable.
A) qualitative
B) quantitative
C) extraneous
D) independent.

Accepted Answer

When numbers are used as substitutes for names, they are serving as labels or categories, which makes them a qualitative variable, not reflecting a numerical value or quantity but rather a quality or characteristic.

Question 9

The scale of measurement that allows you to make ratio statements like "Twice as many errors were made by the experimental group," is the
A) nominal scale
B) ordinal scale
C) interval scale
D) ratio scale.

Accepted Answer

The ratio scale of measurement not only allows for the identification of differences and the ranking of those differences like the interval scale, but it also has a true zero point, which enables the calculation of ratios. This means you can make statements about how many times greater or smaller one measurement is compared to another.

Question 10

Five means more than three on the
A) ordinal scale
B) interval scale
C) ratio scale
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Five means more than three" is applicable to ordinal, interval, and ratio scales, as all these scales preserve the order of numbers, allowing for meaningful comparisons of magnitude.

Question 11

Which scale of measurement is being described? "6 means simply more than 5; the difference between 6 and 5 is not the same as the difference between 4 and 3"
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio.

Accepted Answer

This description fits the ordinal scale of measurement, where numbers indicate a rank order, and the differences between numbers are not necessarily equal or meaningful beyond indicating more or less of the measured attribute.

Question 12

Your text identified_______________scales of measurement, saying that their main use was to help determine what_______________statistic is appropriate.
A) 2, descriptive
B) 2, inferential
C) 4, descriptive
D) 4, inferential

Accepted Answer

There are four scales of measurement in statistics: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. These scales help determine what descriptive statistics are appropriate for analyzing the data.

Question 13

On the_______________ ratio scale of measurement, four and two are
A) different
B) ordered, with four being more than two
C) the same distance apart as eight and six
D) all of the other alternatives are correct.

Accepted Answer

The ratio scale of measurement not only orders the quantities but also allows for the determination of the exact differences between them, meaning that 4 and 2 are different, ordered with 4 being more than 2, and the same distance apart as 8 and 6, fulfilling all the conditions listed.

Question 14

What level of measurement is used when 100 people are asked the state they were born in, and the count for each state is displayed?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Ratio
D) Interval.

Accepted Answer

The level of measurement used is nominal because the data (states people were born in) are categorized without a meaningful order or ranking. Nominal data classify observations into mutually exclusive categories.

Question 15

The independent variable is to the dependent variable as the
A) city is to the state
B) state is to the city
C) germ is to the disease
D) disease is to the germ.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable causes or influences the dependent variable, similar to how a germ causes a disease.

Question 16

A dependent variable is typically the and the independent variable is typically the . A) cause, effect B) effect, cause C) sample, population D) population, sample.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is typically the effect or outcome that is being studied, and the independent variable is the cause or factor that is manipulated or observed to see its impact on the dependent variable.

Question 17

In an experiment on the effect of handedness on athletic ability, participants were divided into three groups: right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous. Athletic ability was measured on a 12-point scale. The number of levels of the independent variable in this experiment is
A) 12
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is handedness, which has three levels: right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous.

Question 18

In a study of the effect of handedness on athletic ability, participants were divided into three groups-right handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous. Athletic ability was measured on a 12-point scale. The independent variable is ; the number of levels of the independent variable is _______. A) athletic ability three B) athletic ability twelve C) handedness three D) handedness twelve.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is "handedness" because it is the variable that is being manipulated or categorized (right-handed, left-handed, ambidextrous) to see its effect on athletic ability, which is the dependent variable. There are three levels of the independent variable: right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous.

Question 19

In an experiment on the effect of handedness on athletic ability, participants were divided into three groups: right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous. Athletic ability was measured on a 12-point scale. The dependent variable is
A) handedness
B) athletic ability
C) not described
D) both handedness and athletic ability.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome that is being measured in the experiment, which in this case is "athletic ability."

Question 20

In an experiment on the effect of sleep on memory, the independent variable might be
A) number of hours of sleep
B) recall score on a test
C) gender of the subjects
D) gender of the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to see if it has an effect on another variable. In this case, the number of hours of sleep is the variable being manipulated to observe its effect on memory, making it the independent variable.

Quiz 1: Introduction

The textbook gave examples of the use of statistics in the fields of

The junior class is to the student body as

A sample is to a population as

Lower and upper limits are a characteristic of

You never have a lower and an upper limit for a(n)

The lower limit of a quantitative score of 5 is

A score of 9 was obtained when a quantitative variable was measured. The upper limit of this score is

When numbers are used as substitutes for names, the numbers constitute a(n) variable.

The scale of measurement that allows you to make ratio statements like "Twice as many errors were made by the experimental group," is the

Five means more than three on the

Which scale of measurement is being described? "6 means simply more than 5; the difference between 6 and 5 is not the same as the difference between 4 and 3"

Your text identified_scales of measurement, saying that their main use was to help determine what_statistic is appropriate.

On the_______________ ratio scale of measurement, four and two are

What level of measurement is used when 100 people are asked the state they were born in, and the count for each state is displayed?

The independent variable is to the dependent variable as the

A dependent variable is typically the and the independent variable is typically the .

In an experiment on the effect of handedness on athletic ability, participants were divided into three groups: right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous. Athletic ability was measured on a 12-point scale. The number of levels of the independent variable in this experiment is

In a study of the effect of handedness on athletic ability, participants were divided into three groups-right handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous. Athletic ability was measured on a 12-point scale. The independent variable is ; the number of levels of the independent variable is _______.

In an experiment on the effect of handedness on athletic ability, participants were divided into three groups: right-handed, left-handed, and ambidextrous. Athletic ability was measured on a 12-point scale. The dependent variable is

In an experiment on the effect of sleep on memory, the independent variable might be