Question 1

Bettina was diagnosed with schizophrenia in the late 1960s and placed on Haldol (haloperidol).Bettina lived a relatively normal life until recently,when she began uncontrollably thrusting out her tongue,grotesquely squinching her face,and flailing her arms and legs.It appears that Bettina has developed ____.

Accepted Answer

The described symptoms are typical of tardive dyskinesia, a neurological disorder caused by long-term use of antipsychotic medications such as Haldol. Mania is not a likely diagnosis based on the given symptoms. Parkinson's syndrome and muscular dystrophy are also not likely, as they present with different sets of symptoms.

Question 2

Fay suffers from bipolar disorder.When discussing treatment with her doctor,Fay learns that in most cases of bipolar disorder,____.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Psychiatric Association, combined treatment with medication and psychotherapy is generally recommended for bipolar disorder. While medication is important for stabilizing mood, psychotherapy can help with addressing psychological and interpersonal issues related to the disorder. Combining both approaches has been found to be more effective than either approach alone in managing symptoms and preventing relapse.

Question 3

St.John's wort is an herbal remedy.It appears that its active substance,hypericin,enhances serotonin activity and acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).If studies show that St.John's wort is effective in treating disorders,it will most likely be used to combat symptoms of ____.

Accepted Answer

St. John's wort is commonly used as a natural antidepressant, suggesting it would most likely be used to combat symptoms of depression. It has not been found to be effective in treating schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder, or conversion disorder.

Question 4

Winston has been taking a neuroleptic drug for several years,and he now suffers from an irreversible disorder of the nervous system that involves uncontrollable,repetitive movements of the body and face.Winston probably began taking a neuroleptic drug to treat his ____,but the drug led to the disorder known as ____.

Accepted Answer

Neuroleptic drugs are primarily used to treat schizophrenia, and tardive dyskinesia is a well-known irreversible side effect of these drugs. Therefore, Winston most likely began taking the drug to treat schizophrenia, and the drug led to his development of tardive dyskinesia. Choice A (agranulocytosis) is a potential side effect of antipsychotic drugs, but it is not related to Winston's symptoms. Choice C (anxiety disorder) is not typically treated with neuroleptic drugs. Choice D (anxiety disorder and tardive dyskinesia) is incorrect because tardive dyskinesia is not a side effect of drugs used to treat anxiety disorders.

Question 5

Studies have shown that the combination of psychotherapy and drugs is ____ effective than either method alone for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that the combination of psychotherapy and drugs is more effective than either method alone for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The combination treatment approach has been found to produce a greater reduction in symptoms and a higher rate of response and remission compared to either treatment alone.

Question 6

During a study session,your friend looks up from his notes to give you a confused look."I wrote the word 'reuptake' in my notes but don't remember what it means." You nod calmly,explaining to your friend that reuptake refers to a process in which ____.

Accepted Answer

Reuptake refers to the process in which neurotransmitters that have been released into the synapse are transported back into their presynaptic areas. This is important for regulating neurotransmitter levels and preventing overstimulation of the postsynaptic neuron. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the process of reuptake.

Question 7

Men and women tend to respond differently to psychoactive drugs.For example,women are generally more responsive to neuroleptic drugs than men.These gender differences seem to be attributed to ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Men and women tend to respond differently...

Question 8

Ethnic differences in how people tend to respond to psychoactive drugs are largely attributed to

Accepted Answer

Ethnic differences in drug metabolism have been extensively studied and are well-established as a primary factor in explaining differences in response to psychoactive drugs. Genetic differences in drug metabolizing enzymes can result in variation in drug efficacy and toxicity, as well as differences in drug-drug interactions.

Question 9

Marlon was involved in a terrible car accident and now suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder.Marlon's psychiatrist will most likely prescribe ____ to reduce his anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Tranquilizing drugs, also known as benzodiazepines, are commonly prescribed to reduce anxiety and symptoms of PTSD. They work by enhancing the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA, which has a calming effect on the brain. Antidepressant drugs and tricyclics may also be prescribed for PTSD, but they are typically used more for treating associated symptoms such as depression. Neuroleptic drugs are not typically used for anxiety disorders like PTSD.

Question 10

Dr.Middleton is reevaluating his use of drugs and psychotherapy when working with clients suffering from anxiety or depression.If Dr.Middleton wants to take a conservative strategy,he should begin with ____ and then add or switch to ____ if necessary only.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Middleton should begin with interpersonal psychotherapy as a conservative strategy, which focuses on developing and maintaining positive relationships to improve mental health. If necessary, he can consider adding drug treatment, but only after exploring non-pharmacological options first. This approach aligns with current evidence-based practices for treating anxiety and depression.

Question 11

William alternates between periods when he is extremely up and periods when he is extremely down.He has been diagnosed as having bipolar I disorder.What drug is commonly used to treat the symptoms of this disorder?

Accepted Answer

Lithium is commonly used to treat bipolar I disorder. It helps stabilize mood swings and prevent manic episodes. Prozac and anxiolytic drugs are typically used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, while neuroleptic drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Question 12

Valeri is diagnosed with major depression.Her doctor is most likely to prescribe ____ to reduce her depressive symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Tricyclic antidepressants are a commonly prescribed class of medication used to treat major depression. Lithium is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder, while tranquilizers and neuroleptic drugs are typically used to treat anxiety and psychotic disorders, respectively.

Question 13

Haldol is a neuroleptic drug that works by blocking the receptors for dopamine.Therefore,Haldol acts as a dopamine ____.

Accepted Answer

Haldol works by blocking the receptors for dopamine, which means it is an antagonist. An antagonist inhibits the effects of a neurotransmitter by preventing it from binding to its receptor site. In this case, Haldol is blocking the dopamine receptors, so it is considered a dopamine antagonist.

Question 14

Kumar has been seeing a therapist who prescribes lithium for him.Kumar is most likely suffering from ____.

Accepted Answer

Lithium is a commonly used medication for bipolar disorder. It helps to stabilize mood and prevent mood swings. It is not typically used for major depression, anxiety disorders, or paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 15

Kavi's client is diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia.Which class of psychoactive drugs will she most likely prescribe?

Accepted Answer

Neuroleptic drugs, also known as antipsychotic drugs, are the main class of drugs prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia, as they help to alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Antidepressants may be prescribed if the patient experiences symptoms of depression, but they are not the primary treatment for schizophrenia. Lithium is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder, and tranquilizing drugs such as benzodiazepines are used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders, but they are not typically used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Question 16

Which drug is commonly used to treat the symptoms of bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Lithium is a commonly used mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps to regulate mood swings, reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes, and prevent the occurrence of depressive episodes. Prozac and anxiolytic drugs are not typically used to treat bipolar disorder, and neuroleptic drugs may be used to control acute manic or mixed episodes, but are not as effective for long-term mood stabilization.

Question 17

Claudette suffers from generalized anxiety disorder and sees a therapist twice weekly.While her therapy sessions do help relieve some of her anxiety,she still has much difficulty.Which type of psychoactive drug treatment would probably best help Claudette control her anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Anxiolytics are drugs that are specifically designed to treat anxiety disorders, and could be helpful in controlling Claudette's anxiety symptoms. Neuroleptic drugs are usually prescribed for the treatment of psychotic disorders, and lithium is primarily used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Antidepressant drugs may also be helpful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, but the specific type of antidepressant used would depend on the individual's symptoms and needs. However, given that Claudette's primary symptom is anxiety, anxiolytics seem to be the most appropriate choice.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning drug treatment is true?

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity and gender can affect the way an individual's body metabolizes medication, so it is important to take both factors into account when prescribing drugs for a disorder. Women may require lower doses of certain medications than men, and different ethnicities may require different doses due to variations in metabolism. Therefore, medication doses should be individualized based on both ethnicity and gender. Neither A nor B are correct because they ignore the potential influence of either ethnicity or gender, respectively. D is incorrect because gender and ethnicity are important factors to consider in drug treatment.

Question 19

Your friend is schizophrenic,and you are glad that she lives in modern times because her psychiatrist treats her schizophrenia with ____,whereas fifty years ago she might have been treated with ____.

Accepted Answer

Neuroleptic drugs are the most commonly used medication in the treatment of schizophrenia. Fifty years ago, electroconvulsive therapy (EST) would have been commonly used as a treatment for schizophrenia, along with trephining and psychosurgery. However, EST is no longer used as the primary treatment for schizophrenia due to the development of more effective medication.

Question 20

You have discovered that a psychiatric disease is caused by an excess of serotonin neurotransmitter molecules in synapses.What treatment would you recommend for patients with this disease?

Accepted Answer

A psychiatric disease caused by an excess of serotonin neurotransmitter molecules in synapses indicates that there is an overactivity of serotonin in the brain. Therefore, the best treatment option is to use a serotonin antagonist to normalize the levels of serotonin and restore balance in the synapses. A serotonin agonist would only worsen the condition by increasing the levels of serotonin even further. Norepinephrine agonist and GABA antagonist are not relevant to treating excess serotonin neurotransmitter molecules in synapses.

Quiz 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders