Question 1

Louise is using a "club drug" that depresses the nervous system,causing feelings of relaxation.Unfortunately,the drug can also cause memory loss,paralysis,breathing problems,loss of consciousness,and even death.Louise ismost likely using ____.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the effects of GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid), which is a club drug known for causing relaxation but can also cause dangerous side effects. The other options (amphetamines, LSD, ketamine) have different effects on the nervous system and do not match the description given.

Question 2

Although Orlando never experiences intense cravings for nor withdrawal symptoms from nicotine,he typically has one cigarette in the evening to relieve the stress of his day.Orlando most likely has developed a(n)____ for nicotine.

Accepted Answer

Orlando's use of nicotine is not characterized by physical dependence or addiction, as he does not experience withdrawal symptoms or strong cravings. However, his use of nicotine to relieve stress suggests that he may have developed a psychological dependence on the substance, relying on it to cope with difficult emotions or situations.

Question 3

Penelope has been drinking coffee for the past ten years.She says she needs the caffeine to stay awake in her classes and simply get through the day.If she does not drink coffee on a particular day,she experiences severe headaches,fatigue,and shakiness.Penelope is most likely ____ dependent on caffeine and is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

Penelope's reliance on caffeine to stay awake and her symptoms of severe headaches, fatigue, and shakiness when she doesn't consume it indicate physical dependence on the drug. The symptoms of headaches, fatigue, and shakiness are consistent with drug withdrawal.

Question 4

After reading about meditation in psychology,you decide to try it.Which outcome is most likely from your regular practice of meditation?

Accepted Answer

Meditation has been found to be an effective technique for reducing anxiety and stress. Regular practice can lead to a greater sense of calmness and relaxation. However, it does not improve extrasensory perception, promote weight loss, or increase physical strength.

Question 5

Lance gives Israel a drink,telling him it is fruit punch with a tasteless alcohol in it.In actuality,it has no alcohol,but within an hour Israel becomes more aggressive and wild.Israel is experiencing the effects of ____.

Accepted Answer

Israel's behavior is likely due to learned expectations, as he believed he consumed alcohol and therefore behaved aggressively and wild. The drink did not actually contain any alcohol, so choices A, B, and C can be ruled out.

Question 6

Duncan is addicted to heroin and has to keep increasing his dosage to get the same effects.This effect of addiction is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Drug tolerance is the phenomenon where the body becomes accustomed to the effects of a drug, leading to a decrease in sensitivity over time. This often results in the need to increase the dosage of the drug to achieve the same effects.

Question 7

Since May-Ling switched to decaffeinated coffee,she has been feeling sluggish in the mornings and has a headache in the afternoons.May-Ling's symptoms seem to reflect ____.

Accepted Answer

May-Ling's symptoms suggest drug withdrawal, which occurs when a person abruptly stops consuming a substance to which the body has become dependent. Decaffeinated coffee still has some caffeine in it, and if May-Ling was previously consuming regular coffee or other caffeinated drinks, her body may have developed a dependence on caffeine. Switching to decaf would result in withdrawal symptoms similar to those experienced when quitting any addictive substance, including sluggishness and headaches.

Question 8

When Fenesha breaks her ankle,the doctor gives her a drug that eases her pain by binding with endorphin receptors.The drug that she takes is an endorphin ____.

Accepted Answer

An agonist is a drug that binds to a receptor and triggers a response in the cell, in this case, binding to endorphin receptors to ease pain. An antagonist blocks the receptor, preventing any response. Reuptake blockers prevent the re-absorption of neurotransmitters, increasing their concentration in the synapses. Stimulants enhance neurotransmitter activity but do not necessarily bind to a receptor.

Question 9

Jules has just invented a new drug that acts as an acetylcholine antagonist.This means that Jules's new drug will ____.

Accepted Answer

An acetylcholine antagonist blocks the acetylcholine receptors so that acetylcholine cannot bind and have any effect. Therefore, the correct option is B - block the acetylcholine receptors so acetylcholine will have no effect.

Question 10

Which effect would you least expect after ingesting a large amount of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Ingesting a large amount of alcohol is known to impair coordination, memory, and inhibitions. Increased alertness and response speed is not a common effect of alcohol consumption, especially in large quantities.

Question 11

When Rapunzel was locked in a tower,she used cocaine every day.Now,although she has escaped from the tower and can function without the drug,she still feels that she needs cocaine for her sense of well-being.Rapunzel is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

Rapunzel is experiencing psychological dependence, which means she has developed a belief that she needs the drug (cocaine) for her sense of well-being, even though she can function without it. This is different from drug withdrawal symptoms, which occur when a person stops using a drug and experiences physical and psychological symptoms as a result. Addiction refers to a compulsive drug use despite negative consequences, and drug tolerance refers to the body's decreasing response to a drug over time, leading to the need for higher doses to achieve the same effect. While Rapunzel may also be experiencing some of these other factors, the scenario presented primarily suggests psychological dependence.

Question 12

Vanessa desperately wants to end her addiction to alcohol.Her doctor suggests that she start taking a drug that prevents neurotransmitters associated with alcohol to bind to receptors and have their usual effect.The doctor is suggesting a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

The doctor is suggesting an antagonist, which blocks the effects of neurotransmitters associated with alcohol. Reuptake blockers and agonists work differently and are not appropriate for this situation. There is no such thing as a "pre-agent."

Question 13

Psychoactive drugs achieve their effects in all of the following ways except ____.

Accepted Answer

Psychoactive drugs do not mutate neurotransmitter receptors. They achieve their effects by blocking, altering the release of, or mimicking neurotransmitters.

Question 14

Dr.Krain's specialty is psychopharmacology.This means that she studies ____.

Accepted Answer

Psychopharmacology is the study of psychoactive drugs, their effects, and their mechanism of action. Therefore, Dr. Krain's specialty is the study of psychoactive drugs.

Question 15

Tovah is a chemical who works for the GABA company.Tovah's job is to make each GABA branch run efficiently and productively.Based on your text's description of GABA,what kind of chemical is Tovah most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

GABA is a neurotransmitter that acts as a CNS depressant by inhibiting brain activity. Therefore, it is likely that Tovah is dealing with drugs that enhance or regulate GABA activity in order to increase efficiency and productivity in the brain.

Question 16

A person has been taking a drug regularly for an extended period and cannot seem to stop.However,she is taking the same dosage as when she began and experiences the same effects.These circumstances indicate that she ____.

Accepted Answer

The person is psychologically dependent because she cannot stop taking the drug despite not needing to increase the dosage to achieve the same effects, indicating no tolerance or physiological dependence.

Question 17

Shy Sherman is drinking some punch that has been spiked with alcohol.Within an hour,Sherman is talking loudly,acting silly,and telling people what he really thinks about them.Shy Sherman is acting this way because alcohol is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, which can reduce inhibitions and affect judgment, leading to behaviors such as talking loudly, acting out of character, or being overly honest.

Question 18

Dr.Kosmo van Nostrand studies how psychoactive drugs affect the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier.This is known as the study of ____.

Accepted Answer

The study of how psychoactive drugs affect the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier is known as psychopharmacology.

Question 19

When he first started taking drugs,Marcell found that they markedly affected his perceptions.Now,however,he finds that greater dosages are required to achieve the same effects.He is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

Marcell's increasing need for greater dosages to achieve the same effects is a characteristic of drug tolerance, where the body adjusts to the repeated use of a drug and requires higher doses to achieve the same effect. Drug intolerance refers to an adverse reaction to a drug. Psychological dependence refers to a strong emotional attachment to a drug or the feeling of needing the drug to function. Withdrawal symptoms occur when a drug is discontinued or reduced after prolonged use.

Question 20

While at a party,Ted uses a drug that is supposed to induce relaxation and elation and increase his sex drive.About an hour later,Ted feels dizzy and nauseous and has trouble breathing.Later he finds out that this drug worked similarly to the neurotransmitter GABA and is sometimes used as a date rape drug.Ted must have used ____.

Accepted Answer

The drug that Ted used is most likely GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), which is known for inducing relaxation and euphoria, as well as being used as a date rape drug due to its ability to impair judgment and cause memory loss. The symptoms that Ted experiences, such as dizziness, nausea, and difficulty breathing, are consistent with GHB overdose. MDMA (A) is a different drug that has stimulant and empathogenic effects. Cocaine (B) is another stimulant drug that does not have the same effects as GHB. Opiates (C) are a class of drugs that have sedative and pain-relieving effects.

Quiz 9: Consciousness