Question 1

Moses is getting old.Which of the following is most likely to remain stable and not decline in the near future?

Accepted Answer

Vocabulary is a type of crystallized intelligence, which tends to remain stable or increase with age. Working memory span, processing speed, and fluid intelligence are more likely to decline with age.

Question 2

Miguel was diagnosed as being intellectually disabled at a very early age.It was predicted that he would be able to develop vocal communication with rigorous teaching and attention,but that he would require around-the-clock supervision and little benefit would be gained from schooling.Miguel would be classified as havinga____ intellectual disability.

Accepted Answer

Miguel's predicted need for around-the-clock supervision and little benefit from schooling indicate a severe level of intellectual disability. Mild intellectual disability typically involves some difficulty in academic and social situations but with minimal assistance, while moderate intellectual disability requires more support in daily living skills and may have some difficulty with communication. Profound intellectual disability typically involves very limited communication abilities and requires constant support in daily living activities.

Question 3

A study on cognitive abilities compared data collected simultaneously from people of different ages.A major confounding variable in this type of study is ____.

Accepted Answer

Experiential differences, such as educational level, access to resources, and exposure to different cultural experiences, can affect cognitive abilities and could therefore confound the study's results. The other options (attrition rate, Hawthorne effect, and lack of control group) may also pose challenges in a cognitive abilities study, but they are not directly related to the confounding variable of experiential differences.

Question 4

At a school board meeting,there is a debate as to whether or not the schools should have children who are developmentally disabled taught in the same classrooms as their peers who do not have cognitive disabilities.The effectiveness of this type of ____is still highly debated.

Accepted Answer

The debate at the school board meeting is about inclusion, which is the idea of having children with cognitive disabilities included in the same classrooms as their peers without disabilities. Therefore, the best choice is D. Second-order conditioning, latent learning, and systematic desensitization are not relevant to this discussion.

Question 5

Cherie displays a mild intellectual disability.One way that she will differ from people with average intelligence is that she ____.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with mild intellectual disabilities often have a limited knowledge base and may know fewer facts about the world compared to those with average intelligence.

Question 6

Dr.Claus plans to conduct a longitudinal study to determine how intelligence correlates with the traits "naughty" and "nice." As his trusty assistant,you have done your research and come to Dr.Claus to warn him about a few limitations to longitudinal studies.You plan to include all of the following limitations with the exception of ____effects.

Accepted Answer

Cohort effects are not a limitation of longitudinal studies - in fact, they are a potential benefit. Cohort effects refer to the influence of shared experiences or historical events that impact a particular generation. Longitudinal studies can capture these effects over time, providing important insights into how different cohorts develop and change over time. The limitations of longitudinal studies include mortality (loss of participants due to death), history (changes in the environment or context that can impact results), and testing (practice effects or fatigue from repeated testing).

Question 7

Terman's longitudinal study of people with extremely high IQs found that nearly all of them ____.

Accepted Answer

Terman's study found that individuals with extremely high IQs generally had higher than average physical and mental health, debunking myths that high intelligence was associated with frailty or mental instability.

Question 8

Cara suggests that her friend Iris pursue a career in social work due to her ability to empathize with and understand others.According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences,Iris likely has high ____intelligence.

Accepted Answer

According to Gardner's theory, interpersonal intelligence involves the ability to understand others' emotions, motives, and intentions. This type of intelligence is often associated with careers such as teaching, counseling, and social work, which involve working closely with other people to help them improve their lives. Based on this, it can be inferred that Iris likely has high interpersonal intelligence if she has the ability to empathize with and understand others. The other options (practical, naturalistic, and intrapersonal) do not directly relate to the skills needed for a career in social work.

Question 9

Which component is least essential to creativity?

Accepted Answer

External rewards can be motivating factors, but they are not essential for creativity. In fact, some studies have shown that focusing too much on external rewards can actually hinder creativity. Therefore, lack of external rewards does not necessarily limit one's ability to be creative.

Question 10

Although increasing age brings sensory deficits and increasing health problems,there is little evidence to support the stereotype of cognitive decline in the later years.In fact,which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that older adults often score higher than younger adults on tests of vocabulary, general knowledge, and other forms of crystallized intelligence. This may be due to the accumulation of knowledge and life experience over time. However, older adults may experience some decline in processing speed and working memory, which can affect performance on tasks that require quick thinking or mental flexibility.

Question 11

Nora is conducting research on emotional intelligence.In designing her study,Nora plans to follow several cohorts across a ten-year time span.She will select individuals initially from four agegroups: ten-year-olds,twenty-year-olds,thirty-year-olds,and forty-year-olds.She will follow these cohorts over ten years and gather qualitative and quantitative data.Nora's study is known as a ____.

Accepted Answer

Nora's study is a cross-sequential with resampling study because it involves following multiple cohorts over time, combining elements of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

Question 12

You believe that elephants have intelligence and that this intelligence increases as elephants get older.You test your hypothesis by observing the behaviors of the same group of elephants at birth and then at five-year intervals.What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

This is a longitudinal study because it follows the same group of elephants and observes their behaviors at different points in time (at birth and then at five-year intervals). This allows for the examination of changes in behavior over time, which is necessary for testing the hypothesis that elephant intelligence increases as they get older.

Question 13

Dr.Hans Zarkoffis testing groups of teenagers and senior citizens on their ability to imagine the rotation of objects in space.He finds that the teenagers perform much better than the seniors.Dr.Zarkoffinitially suspects that his results are due to the declining mental ability of the senior group,but then realizes that the teenagers have had more experience with video games.This is an example of a____effect.

Accepted Answer

Cohort effect refers to how a group of people who have experienced the same event or have similar characteristics can differ from other groups because of their shared experience. The teenagers in this scenario belong to a different cohort and have had more exposure to video games, which could explain their better performance in imagining the rotation of objects in space. The seniors, on the other hand, belong to a different cohort with different experiences and hence might not perform as well in this task.

Question 14

Dustin is worried because he has heard that cognitive abilities decline with old age.He consults his introductory psychology textbook and finds that a number of specific abilities do seem to decline.Dustin is most worried,for example,about a decline in his ____.

Accepted Answer

Working memory is one of the cognitive abilities that is known to decline with old age. This refers to the ability to hold and manipulate information in one's mind over a short period of time. As people age, they may find it more difficult to remember and process new information quickly. This is why Dustin may be most worried about a decline in his working memory as he gets older.

Question 15

As people over sixty-five years old grow older,their crystallized intelligence will ____and their fluid intelligence will ____.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence, which involves skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, tends to increase or remain stable with age. Fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge, tends to decrease with age.

Question 16

Bailey,a boy who displays a mild intellectual disability,is struggling with a word problem about a car driving from one point to another.The problem is illustrated with a diagram of the car's route.Which of the following is the most likely reason for Bailey's difficulty with the problem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bailey,a boy who displays a mild intellectual...

Question 17

Based on the results from the Seattle Longitudinal Study and other similar "tracking cognitive abilities over the lifespan" studies,which statement is false with regard to cognitive decline and aging?

Accepted Answer

Most studies, including the Seattle Longitudinal Study, have found that crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge and skills) tends to remain stable or even increase with age, while fluid intelligence (the ability to reason quickly and think abstractly) tends to decline.

Question 18

Matthew recently obtains a research assistantship with a psychologist who studies giftedness.After an orientation session,the psychologist explains that his findings,much like those found in your textbook,reveal that high IQ guarantees ____.

Accepted Answer

The psychologist's findings suggest that high IQ does not guarantee anything. This is consistent with research findings in the textbook which show that there are many factors that contribute to success in college, job satisfaction, graduation from high school, etc. While a high IQ may be helpful, it is not a guarantee of success in any of these areas.

Question 19

Dr.Mensa is creating a study of intelligence and would like to develop a cross-sequential with resampling design.The main feature of this design is ____.

Accepted Answer

The main feature of a cross-sequential with resampling design is the combination of both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods, which allows for the examination of how individuals change over time and how different age groups compare at a given point in time. Resampling refers to the use of statistical techniques to create multiple versions of the data, which can help to increase the reliability of the results. While the other options may be used in intelligence research, they are not the main feature of this specific design.

Question 20

Amy is a participant in Terman's longitudinal study of gifted children.According to the information in your textbook,Amy will most likely not____compared to others her age.

Accepted Answer

Terman's longitudinal study of gifted children found that, on average, participants like Amy would live more successful, physically, and mentally healthy lives, and have the same basic cognitive abilities as others their age. However, the study also found that not all participants would attain remarkably high levels of distinction, indicating that being gifted does not guarantee extraordinary achievement.

Quiz 8: Intelligence