Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of early childhood?
A) Basic body structures and organs begin to form.
B) Children begin to think logically but concretely.
C) Handedness appears, and fine and gross motor skills improve.
D) Peers assume greater importance than family.

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, children develop handedness (preference for using one hand over the other), and both their fine motor skills (e.g., drawing, using utensils) and gross motor skills (e.g., running, jumping) improve significantly. This is a key developmental stage for physical and motor skill development.

Question 2

During ________, thinking is somewhat egocentric but understanding of other people's perspectives grows.
A) toddlerhood
B) early childhood
C) the prenatal period
D) adolescence

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, children's thinking is somewhat egocentric, meaning they have difficulty seeing situations from perspectives other than their own. However, this period also marks the beginning of their ability to understand other people's thoughts and feelings, indicating a growth in perspective-taking abilities.

Question 3

Health is generally better than at any other time in the life span during
A) toddlerhood.
B) early childhood.
C) middle childhood.
D) adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Middle childhood is generally considered a time of optimal health. During this period, children have developed stronger immune systems and are less susceptible to the frequent illnesses that are common in early childhood. Additionally, they have not yet reached adolescence, where risk-taking behaviors and the onset of mental health issues can negatively impact health.

Question 4

Reproductive maturity occurs during
A) toddlerhood.
B) early childhood.
C) middle childhood.
D) adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Reproductive maturity, which marks the ability to reproduce, typically occurs during adolescence. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the onset of menstruation in females and sperm production in males.

Question 5

Which of the following describes psychosocial development occurring during the adolescent stage of development?
A) The shift from dependence to autonomy begins.
B) Physical growth and other changes become very slow.
C) The search for identity becomes central.
D) Handedness appears.

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, individuals undergo significant psychosocial development, with the search for identity becoming a central focus as they explore different roles and integrate them into a cohesive self-concept.

Question 6

Cognitive development primarily refers to
A) the growth of sensory capacities and motor skills.
B) the pattern of change in mental abilities.
C) the pattern of change in emotions.
D) the development of social relationships.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development is focused on the pattern of change in mental abilities, including learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity throughout a person's life.

Question 7

________ is defined as the pattern of change in emotions, personality, and relationships.
A) Physical development
B) Cognitive development
C) Psychosocial development
D) Normative development

Accepted Answer

Psychosocial development refers to the changes in emotions, personality, and social relationships that occur throughout a person's life. It encompasses the psychological and social aspects of development, including how individuals understand and interact with others, as well as how they see themselves and their identity.

Question 8

Dr. Ortiz, a child psychologist, is conducting research on peer interactions among middle school children. His aim is to understand the impact of peer interactions on emotional development. Dr. Ortiz is focusing on
A) cognitive development.
B) normative development.
C) physical development.
D) psychosocial development.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ortiz's research on the impact of peer interactions on emotional development aligns with psychosocial development, which involves emotions and social relationships.

Question 9

In the context of the three major domains of development, which of the following is an aspect of psychosocial development?
A) Attachment
B) Culture
C) Fidelity
D) Personality

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of the three major...

Question 10

Variations among children in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes are referred to as
A) individual differences.
B) internalizing behaviors.
C) identity schemas.
D) representational mappings.

Accepted Answer

Individual differences refer to the variations among children (or people in general) in their characteristics, influences on their development, or developmental outcomes. These differences can be in terms of personality, abilities, and other attributes.

Question 11

Donna's family consists of her biological parents and her younger sibling, Sam. Their family also has a pet dog. Given the information, Donna's family is most likely to be categorized as a(n)
A) extended family.
B) nuclear family.
C) stepfamily.
D) blended family.

Accepted Answer

A nuclear family typically consists of a couple and their children, which matches the description of Donna's family.

Question 12

Shari is a 9-year-old girl who lives in California. She lives with her parents, her younger sister, and her grandparents. Her maternal uncle, who recently emigrated from India to the United States, also lives with them. Shari's family is most likely to be categorized as a(n)
A) conjugal family.
B) nuclear family.
C) extended family.
D) blended family.

Accepted Answer

Shari's family includes her parents, sister, grandparents, and uncle, which goes beyond the immediate nuclear family unit (parents and children) to include other relatives, fitting the definition of an extended family.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of poverty in the United States?
A) Currently, approximately 20 percent of children under the age of 18 live in poverty.
B) Hispanic children are less likely to live in poverty than their white counterparts.
C) In total, about 10 million children in the United States live in poverty.
D) Asian and Pacific Islanders are the least likely of all ethnic groups to live in poverty.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 20 percent of children under the age of 18 in the United States live in poverty, reflecting the significant economic challenges faced by families.

Question 14

In the context of influences on development, risk factors refer to
A) conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome.
B) environmental factors that influence the impact of heredity on an individual.
C) conditions that have no impact on developmental outcomes.
D) social factors that are likely to impact a society's way of life.

Accepted Answer

Risk factors are conditions or variables that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome, affecting an individual's growth, behavior, or psychological development adversely.

Question 15

In the context of influences on development, normative influences are
A) events that affect many or most people in a society in similar ways.
B) information that shapes the accumulated perceptions of the self.
C) acquired interpretive perceptions stored in long-term memory.
D) temporary support provided to help a child master a task.

Accepted Answer

Normative influences refer to experiences that are common to a particular group of people or society as a whole, affecting them in similar ways. These can include cultural, societal, or environmental events.

Question 16

In the context of influences on development, nonnormative influences are
A) acquired interpretive perceptions stored in long-term memory.
B) events that touch only certain individuals.
C) inborn traits or characteristics inherited from a child's biological parents.
D) temporary support provided to help a child master a task.

Accepted Answer

Nonnormative influences refer to unique events or experiences that affect only certain individuals, rather than being common to all people or predictable based on age or life stage. These can include rare occurrences or personal life events that significantly impact an individual's development but do not happen to everyone.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a normative history-graded influence?
A) Rachel experiences menopause at the age of 45.
B) Caroline, who is part of the baby boomer generation, is independent and self-assured like the other members of her generation.
C) Jessica lost her husband to cancer at the age of 27.
D) Emily, a software developer, decides to quit her job and join an art school to learn painting at the age of 55.

Accepted Answer

Normative history-graded influences are events that most people in a specific culture experience at the same time. Caroline being part of the baby boomer generation and sharing characteristics common to that generation is an example of a normative history-graded influence, as it reflects the shared experiences and societal influences of that particular cohort.

Question 18

All the individuals who were middle school students in New York City during the collapse of the World Trade Center shared a common experience at a formative time in their lives. This group of individuals is referred to as a(n)
A) ethnic group.
B) historical generation.
C) conjugal group.
D) kinship network.

Accepted Answer

A historical generation refers to a group of people who have experienced a significant event at a formative time in their lives, which can shape their attitudes and beliefs. The collapse of the World Trade Center is such an event for middle school students in New York City at that time.

Question 19

________ is a specific time during development when a given event, or its absence, has the greatest impact.
A) A behavioral cusp
B) A nonnormative period
C) A critical period
D) The zone of proximal development

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific timeframe in an organism's development when it is particularly sensitive to certain environmental stimuli, and the presence or absence of these stimuli during this time can have a lasting impact on its developmental progress.

Question 20

The concept of critical periods in humans is controversial because
A) human development is primarily influenced by heredity.
B) human development is primarily passive.
C) the aspects of human development are subject to only normative influences.
D) many aspects of human development have been found to show plasticity.

Accepted Answer

The concept of critical periods is controversial because research has shown that many aspects of human development exhibit plasticity, meaning they can change and adapt over time, not strictly limited to a narrow window or "critical period." This challenges the idea that there is a fixed period for certain developmental milestones.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Child Development

Which of the following is a characteristic of early childhood?

During ________, thinking is somewhat egocentric but understanding of other people's perspectives grows.

Health is generally better than at any other time in the life span during

Reproductive maturity occurs during

Which of the following describes psychosocial development occurring during the adolescent stage of development?

Cognitive development primarily refers to

________ is defined as the pattern of change in emotions, personality, and relationships.

Dr. Ortiz, a child psychologist, is conducting research on peer interactions among middle school children. His aim is to understand the impact of peer interactions on emotional development. Dr. Ortiz is focusing on

In the context of the three major domains of development, which of the following is an aspect of psychosocial development?

Variations among children in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes are referred to as

Donna's family consists of her biological parents and her younger sibling, Sam. Their family also has a pet dog. Given the information, Donna's family is most likely to be categorized as a(n)

Shari is a 9-year-old girl who lives in California. She lives with her parents, her younger sister, and her grandparents. Her maternal uncle, who recently emigrated from India to the United States, also lives with them. Shari's family is most likely to be categorized as a(n)

Which of the following is true of poverty in the United States?

In the context of influences on development, risk factors refer to

In the context of influences on development, normative influences are

In the context of influences on development, nonnormative influences are

Which of the following is an example of a normative history-graded influence?

All the individuals who were middle school students in New York City during the collapse of the World Trade Center shared a common experience at a formative time in their lives. This group of individuals is referred to as a(n)

________ is a specific time during development when a given event, or its absence, has the greatest impact.

The concept of critical periods in humans is controversial because