Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a form of aggression?

Accepted Answer

Revengeful aggression is not a recognized form of aggression in psychological studies. Predatory, affective, and instrumental aggression are well-documented types. Predatory aggression involves hunting or attacking prey, affective aggression is emotional and often impulsive, and instrumental aggression is goal-oriented and often involves planning.

Question 2

Individuals with bilateral amygdala damage were tested with carbon dioxide exposure, which produces a feeling of suffocation. What did they experience during the test?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with bilateral amygdala damage do not experience panic attacks in the same way as those with intact amygdalae. The amygdala is crucial for processing fear; thus, when it's damaged, the typical fear response to a suffocation threat, like that induced by carbon dioxide exposure, is significantly diminished or absent. However, the question specifically asks what they experienced, and it's a bit of a trick: despite their amygdala damage, these individuals can still experience panic attacks in response to carbon dioxide exposure due to the panic response being mediated by different brain pathways, not solely the amygdala. This highlights the complexity of the brain's fear and panic response systems.

Question 3

Damage to which part of the brain will result in someone speaking in a monotone voice?

Accepted Answer

Damage to the right frontal area of the brain can affect the control of the pitch and tone of voice, leading to speaking in a monotone voice. This area is involved in non-verbal communication and the emotional aspects of speech.

Question 4

Extreme stress has been reported to lead to brain damage by reducing the volume of the hippocampus in all of the following groups EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Extreme stress leading to brain damage and reducing the volume of the hippocampus has been documented in various groups, including Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD, childhood abuse trauma victims, and torture victims, due to the intense and prolonged nature of their stress. However, there is no specific mention or evidence that suggests tornado victims, as a broad group, experience this specific type of brain damage solely due to experiencing a tornado, as the stressors in such situations may not always be as prolonged or intense as in the other mentioned scenarios.

Question 5

Which hormone has been implicated in the decrease of physiological symptoms of stress?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is known as the "love hormone" and has been implicated in reducing stress levels and increasing feelings of trust and relaxation, which can alleviate the physiological symptoms of stress.

Question 6

______, a type of leukocyte, fight intruders by producing antibodies that attach a particular type of cell.

Accepted Answer

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies that specifically target and attach to antigens on the surface of invading cells, marking them for destruction by other components of the immune system.

Question 7

When a person succumbs to AIDS, he or she dies from ______.

Accepted Answer

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) severely weakens the immune system, making the body unable to fight off infections and diseases that it could normally combat. This vulnerability often leads to death from infections or cancers that the body can no longer control.

Question 8

If you had a type of cancer that involved the immune cells in your central nervous system that ingest intruders (similar to how macrophages function in the peripheral body), what cell would be affected?

Accepted Answer

Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, functioning similarly to macrophages in the peripheral body by ingesting and breaking down intruders and debris.

Question 9

Three years after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center, researchers found that ______.

Accepted Answer

Researchers found reduced gray matter in several key areas involved in emotion in individuals who lived closer to the site of the terrorist attacks.

Question 10

Although social support, personality, and attitudes all are related to immune functioning, their role may be overstated as they simply may be a manifestation of what?

Accepted Answer

These factors may indeed influence immune functioning, but they could be reflections of the broader physiological functioning of an individual, encompassing not just the immune system but also other bodily systems and overall health.

Question 11

Estimating the pain of others independently activates different brain regions. Which of the following would you expect to be true in such a situation?

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with emotional processing, including empathy and pain perception, while the somatosensory area is more related to physical sensation. Estimating others' pain would likely increase ACC activity due to its role in empathy.

Question 12

According to one integrative neurotransmitter aggression hypothesis, all of the following contribute, EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Low dopamine is generally not associated with an increase in aggression overall. Instead, alterations in dopamine pathways can affect aggression, but the relationship is complex and not as straightforward as a low level leading to increased aggression. High levels of testosterone relative to cortisol, low levels of serotonin, and the effects of high serotonin on aggression are more directly linked to aggression in the literature.

Question 13

Which of the following genes has NOT been associated in some way with stress?

Accepted Answer

LDAV is not a recognized gene associated with stress. NPY (Neuropeptide Y), OXTR (Oxytocin Receptor), and CLOCK (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput) are all genes that have been studied in relation to stress and its effects on the body.

Question 14

Lesioning the amygdala would be expected to do what?

Accepted Answer

Lesioning the amygdala can reduce aggression and improve behaviors in individuals with intractable aggression, as the amygdala is involved in emotional processing, including fear and aggression.

Question 15

Consider the delivery of equal amounts of pain - but in one case the pain is accidental and in the other the pain is intentional. How would you expect the perception of the pain to be described?

Accepted Answer

Intentional pain is often perceived as more hurtful because the emotional and psychological impact of knowing the pain was inflicted on purpose can amplify the experience of pain.

Question 16

Which of the following demonstrates that there is a strong emotional component to pain?

Accepted Answer

Each option illustrates how cultural, psychological, and emotional factors can influence the perception and expression of pain, demonstrating the strong emotional component to pain.

Question 17

A Swedish twin study concluded that ______ percent of workplace stress is genetic. One implicated gene is ______, where a low functioning version of the gene resulted in a greater responses to negatively charged words and anticipated pain.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is 32 percent of workplace stress is genetic, and the implicated gene is NPY. This conclusion comes from studies that have explored the genetic factors influencing how individuals respond to stress, with NPY being identified as a gene that plays a role in stress resilience and emotional processing.

Question 18

When your cat stalks and pounces on a bird, the cat is quiet, seemingly a cold-blooded killer, indicative of ______ aggression, but a cat when confronted by a mirror arches its back, bristles its fur, and hisses menacingly at its own reflection is indicative of ______ aggression.

Accepted Answer

Predatory aggression is characterized by behaviors such as stalking and pouncing, typically seen in hunting scenarios. Defensive aggression, on the other hand, occurs in response to a perceived threat, as demonstrated by a cat's reaction to its own reflection in a mirror.

Question 19

Drugs that inhibit serotonin reuptake, such as the antidepressant fluoxetine, also reduce ______.

Accepted Answer

Drugs that inhibit serotonin reuptake, like fluoxetine, are known to reduce alcohol craving and intake. This is because serotonin plays a role in addiction and mood regulation, and by increasing serotonin levels, these drugs can help reduce the desire for alcohol.

Question 20

All of the following are true about characteristics of antisocial personality disorder EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Impaired learning and memory is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is more associated with a disregard for the rights of others, lack of empathy, and failure to conform to social norms, rather than cognitive impairments like learning and memory deficits.

Quiz 8: Emotion and Health