Question 1

The single most important function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is to conserve water by reducing the loss of water in the urine.

Accepted Answer

ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, which reduces the volume of water lost in urine, thereby conserving body water.

Question 2

Midline defects often associated with growth hormone deficiency (GHD)are cleft palate, choanal atresia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and single upper central incisor.

Accepted Answer

Midline defects, such as cleft palate, choanal atresia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and single upper central incisor, can be associated with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) as they both can result from abnormalities in embryonic development affecting the midline structures of the body.

Question 3

Children with growth hormone deficiency GHD will present with an increased height-to-weight ratio.

Accepted Answer

Children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) typically present with a decreased height-to-weight ratio due to their short stature and relatively normal weight for their age.

Question 4

Delayed puberty (failure along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis)is characterized by absence of breast budding by age 13 in females or the lack of testicular enlargement by age 14 in males.

Accepted Answer

Delayed puberty is defined by the absence of the onset of puberty at the expected time, which includes the lack of breast development by age 13 in females and the absence of testicular enlargement by age 14 in males, indicating a potential issue in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Question 5

Precocious (premature)puberty occurs before a male reaches 9 years old or a female reaches 8 years old.

Accepted Answer

Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of puberty before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys, which is earlier than the typical age range for the start of puberty.

Question 6

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below.
-Lip pursing

Accepted Answer

Chvostek's sign is a spasm of the facial muscles that occurs when the facial nerve is tapped. It is a sign of hypocalcemia.

Question 7

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below.
-Long, thin face

Accepted Answer

Ovoid facies is characterized by a long, thin face, which matches the description given.

Question 8

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below.
-Temporary imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels.

Accepted Answer

Gynecomastia is the condition that results from a temporary imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels in males, leading to the development of enlarged breast tissue.

Question 9

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below.
-Occurs under the chin, on the cheeks, between the breasts, across the chest, on the shoulders, on the back, on the linea alba, across the abdomen, on the inner thighs, and on the extremities and digits.

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism is characterized by excessive hair growth in areas where hair is normally absent or minimal, such as under the chin, on the cheeks, between the breasts, across the chest, on the shoulders, on the back, on the linea alba, across the abdomen, on the inner thighs, and on the extremities and digits. This condition is often associated with an underlying endocrine disorder, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women.

Question 10

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below.
-Must be differentiated from lipoma and fatty tissue in obese patients.

Accepted Answer

Gynecomastia, the enlargement of breast tissue in males, must be differentiated from lipoma (a benign tumor of fatty tissue) and fatty tissue accumulation that can occur in obese patients. This differentiation is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Question 11

Congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)deficiency at an early age are the major causes of cretinism. A child with hypothyroidism has insidious changes that could include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

Cretinism, resulting from congenital hypothyroidism or TSH deficiency, typically presents with symptoms such as a croaky voice, bradycardia, and periorbital puffiness due to the overall slowing of metabolic processes. Hyperreflexive deep tendon reflexes are not associated with hypothyroidism; instead, hypothyroidism is more likely to cause delayed reflexes or hyporeflexia due to the slowed relaxation phase of the reflex.

Question 12

A child with hyperthyroidism usually:

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism in children often leads to symptoms such as restlessness and irritability due to increased metabolic rate and nervous system activity.

Question 13

Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism will present as all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia typically presents with hyperreflexia (increased reflexes) rather than hyporeflexia (decreased reflexes). Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign, and hand and feet cramps are all symptoms associated with hypocalcemia.

Question 14

Cushing's syndrome is caused by too much glucocorticoid and cortisol. It can also occur due to increased adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), producing a pituitary tumor that would present as all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Acne and blackheads are not specific or direct symptoms of Cushing's syndrome caused by a pituitary tumor. Cushing's syndrome symptoms are more related to the effects of excess cortisol, such as weight gain, mood changes, specific fat distribution leading to a buffalo hump, and skin changes like purple striae, but not specifically acne and blackheads.

Question 15

Which of the follow is not a symptom of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Nausea and vomiting are not typical symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The classic symptoms of diabetes include polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (increased urination), polyphagia (increased hunger), fatigue, irritability, and weight loss.

Question 16

Thymus disorders cannot cause:

Accepted Answer

The thymus is primarily involved in the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes, which are crucial for adaptive immunity. Disorders of the thymus can lead to immune system dysfunction, increase the risk of cancers (especially thymomas and lymphomas), and result in recurrent and persistent infections due to compromised immunity. However, acne is primarily a condition related to the sebaceous glands and hair follicles, influenced by factors such as hormones, bacteria, and inflammation, rather than directly by thymus function.

Question 17

Common concerns are that the child is too small, too heavy, too thin, too tall, or is developing sexually in a ______________ fashion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Common concerns are that the child is...

Question 18

Symptoms of _____________________ include limping, glassy eyes, stupor, and possible unresponsiveness to verbal commands.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symptoms of _____________________ include limping, glassy eyes,...

Question 19

Always investigate a growth of less than ____ cm per year in children from the age of 5 until puberty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Always investigate a growth of less than...

Question 20

In the older child, GHD is usually due to a _________________________ and manifests as new-onset growth failure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the older child, GHD is usually...

Quiz 11: Assessment of the Endocrien System

The single most important function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is to conserve water by reducing the loss of water in the urine.

Midline defects often associated with growth hormone deficiency (GHD)are cleft palate, choanal atresia, optic nerve hypoplasia, and single upper central incisor.

Children with growth hormone deficiency GHD will present with an increased height-to-weight ratio.

Delayed puberty (failure along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis)is characterized by absence of breast budding by age 13 in females or the lack of testicular enlargement by age 14 in males.

Precocious (premature)puberty occurs before a male reaches 9 years old or a female reaches 8 years old.

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below. -Lip pursing

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below. -Long, thin face

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below. -Temporary imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels.

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below. -Occurs under the chin, on the cheeks, between the breasts, across the chest, on the shoulders, on the back, on the linea alba, across the abdomen, on the inner thighs, and on the extremities and digits.

Match each item to the statement or sentence listed below. -Must be differentiated from lipoma and fatty tissue in obese patients.

Congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency at an early age are the major causes of cretinism. A child with hypothyroidism has insidious changes that could include all the following except: