Question 1

In the ________ model of motivation, all organisms are motivated to maintain physiological equilibrium around an optimal set point, the ideal, fixed setting of a particular physiological system.

Accepted Answer

The drive-reduction theory of motivation posits that organisms are motivated to take action in order to reduce the internal tension caused by unmet needs, such as hunger or thirst, thereby maintaining physiological equilibrium or homeostasis around an optimal set point.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of dieting?

Accepted Answer

Most people who lose weight through dieting tend to regain the weight over time. This is due to a variety of factors including changes in metabolism, difficulty in maintaining dietary restrictions long term, and physiological adaptations that increase efficiency in calorie usage.

Question 3

Which of the following is the best example of motivation stemming from an external incentive?

Accepted Answer

The school student mowing the lawn to make money during the holidays is motivated by an external incentive (money), which is a classic example of extrinsic motivation.

Question 4

Adriana joined a weight-loss program after reading an advertisement in the newspaper. According to the study by Wing and Jeffery, which of the following will increase her chances of losing weight during the program?

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Wing and Jeffery, social support is a significant factor in the success of weight loss programs. Enrolling with friends who can provide encouragement and accountability increases the likelihood of sticking to the program and achieving weight loss goals.

Question 5

Eun Sun is a young and enthusiastic intern in a law firm and puts a lot of effort into her work. Her boss, however, never appreciates her work; he rather increases her workload every time she submits something for his approval. Though she is quite content with the nature of the work and the pay, Eun Sun is personally discontent with the work culture. On the basis of these factors, which of the following is most likely true of Eun Sun?

Accepted Answer

Eun Sun is content with the nature of her work and the pay (indicating she has intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards) but is discontent with the work culture, especially the lack of appreciation from her boss, which points to a lack of perceived organizational support.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of appraisal in the emotion process?

Accepted Answer

Appraisal in the emotion process can occur automatically and outside of conscious awareness. This means that individuals might not always be aware of the appraisal process that leads to their emotional responses.

Question 7

Identify a true statement about the biology of sexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

During orgasm, brain activation patterns are similar in both men and women, despite differences in orgasm duration.

Question 8

Salama is known to be a happy and cheerful girl. However, ever since she met with a ski accident a few months ago, she has been showing major signs of depression. It is likely that the accident has damaged the ________ of her brain.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in mood regulation, decision-making, and social behavior. Damage to this area can lead to changes in mood, such as depression, which Salama is experiencing after her ski accident.

Question 9

The ________ region of the brain is active when people either recall or imagine emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is active when people either recall or imagine emotional experiences.

Question 10

Karen wanted to get a scholarship to study abroad. For this, she studied very hard and gave up going out with her friends. In this scenario, the scholarship is acting as a(n) ________ for Karen.

Accepted Answer

The scholarship serves as an incentive for Karen because it motivates her to study hard and make sacrifices, such as not going out with her friends, in order to achieve her goal of studying abroad.

Question 11

Visualizing disgusting scenes leads to activation of the ________ as well as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

Accepted Answer

The insula and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are activated when individuals visualize disgusting scenes, as these brain regions are involved in processing disgust and emotional responses.

Question 12

Which of the following is a self-conscious emotion?

Accepted Answer

Pride is considered a self-conscious emotion because it involves reflection on oneself, often in relation to others or societal standards. Unlike basic emotions such as disgust, sadness, and anger, which can occur without self-reflection, pride requires an awareness of self and how one's actions are perceived by others.

Question 13

In a classic study of sexual behavior and culture, Clellan Ford and Frank Beach categorized societies into ________ societies.

Accepted Answer

Ford and Beach categorized societies based on their sexual norms and attitudes into restrictive, semirestrictive, and permissive societies.

Question 14

Who among the following would be considered overweight, but not obese?

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 or more is considered obese. Therefore, Maria, with a BMI of 27, falls into the overweight category but not obese.

Question 15

A study by neuroscientist Gert Holstege and his colleagues shows that the ________ of women's brains are deactivated while they experience orgasm.

Accepted Answer

The study by Gert Holstege found that during orgasm, parts of the brain, including the amygdala and hippocampus, are deactivated. These areas are associated with emotion and memory, respectively.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about the neuropeptide oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is primarily recognized for its roles in promoting lactation and facilitating bonding behaviors in mammals, including humans. It is often referred to as the "love hormone" because of its involvement in maternal behaviors, pair bonding, and social attachment.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of motivation?

Accepted Answer

Motivation is indeed caused by some need, whether physiological, psychological, or social. This need creates a desire to fulfill it, driving individuals to act in certain ways.

Question 18

Which of the following is an essential factor in intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy is an essential factor in intrinsic motivation because it refers to the degree to which a person has control over their own actions and decisions, which inherently motivates them by fulfilling their need for self-determination and personal growth.

Question 19

________ is defined as an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and a perceived lack of control during the eating session.

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise, along with a feeling of lack of control over eating during the binge episodes.

Question 20

Which of the following regions of the brain plays a crucial role in sexual arousal?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating several basic functions of the body, including sexual arousal, through its influence on the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion