Question 1

___________ is the complex affective response whereby one's desires and obligations converge with a deliberate choice to act in accordance with them.

Accepted Answer

A.Correct. Commitment is the complex affective response whereby one's desires and obligations converge with a deliberate choice to act in accordance with them.
B.Incorrect. Comportment is the communicative, symbolic behavior that signifies professional image, demeanor, showing respect, ways of interacting, speaking, dressing, and gesturing.
C.Incorrect. Competence is the state of having knowledge, judgment, skills, energy, experience, and motivation to respond to the professional responsibilities.
D.Incorrect. Conscience is the informed medium through which moral obligation to others and the universe is personalized.

Question 2

How would you show your understanding of the requirement of caring in the context of human-environment relationships?

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. This is the overall goal of nursing.
B.Incorrect. This occurs often during theory expression.
C.Incorrect. This describes one component of how the social organization of health and illness are determined.
D.Correct. Caring requires understanding of the holistic nature of the patient (i.e., body, mind and spirit), relationships (including nurse/patient), diverse cultures, and complex organizations.

Question 3

According to Roach, all attributes used to describe nursing have their locus in __________.

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. Respect may be considered essential to caring; however, it is not the locus.
B.Correct. This one concept subsumes the essential characteristics of nursing as a helping discipline; that is, all attributes used to describe nursing have their locus in caring.
C.Incorrect. Compassion is not the locus, although it is an attribute of caring.
D.Incorrect. Although knowledge is essential in nursing, it is not the locus.

Question 4

Roy Johnson is running for the Illinois State Legislature on the platform of "Make Illinois Stronger." The most controversial position taken by the candidate is his desire to replace tax-exempt status with merit-based tax vouchers. If this effort is successful, the Illinois budget will be increased by $13 billion dollars annually, while forcing over 600 public health-focused non-profit organizations to cease operation. During a press conference, Candidate Johnson stated, "If Illinois is ever going to have a thriving Illinois economy, we must start rewarding those who contribute financially and stop giving money away." Candidate Johnson's opponent George Riley is running on the platform, "Caring not Cash." Which of the following philosophies of caring would help Mr. Riley explain why voters should cast a vote in his favor?

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. Ethics is a relational concept and deals with what is good or right and what is evil or wrong.
B.Correct. In the areas of political science and government, caring entails a move from progressivism to stewardship. Eliminating tax-exempt status that forces the closure of public health-focused non-profit organizations is the perfect philosophy of caring to help Candidate Riley counter his opponent's platform.
C.Incorrect. Caring and philosophy deals with the study of meaning and would not directly counter candidate Johnson's platform.
D.Incorrect. The economic impact on care is certainly a factor for both candidates; however, the scenario describes political influence, which relates to caring as an organizational culture.

Question 5

Allison struggled with how best to care for a patient admitted for self-mutilation. The physical injury would heal easily enough, but Allison believed that the patient would benefit from therapeutic counseling. After consultation, the physician agreed with Allison but reminded her that the patient must agree to the counseling. What could Allison use to help her best care for the patient?

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. This theory is focused on caring in complex organizations as a technological, economic, political, and legal tenet.
B.Correct. Biomedical model of ethics answers questions of how professionals should care and what is good in caring.
C.Incorrect. Gaut's analysis would require that Allison seek the good in her patient, through purposeful activity. This is an incorrect response as Allison is seeking a referral for the patient and would not be involved in the counseling.
D.Incorrect. The principle of beneficence is one of the biomedical models of ethics principles but does not encompass the entire model.

Question 6

Caring as ________________ is considered the essence of nursing.

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. Caring as a human trait refers to caring as the human mode of being.
B.Incorrect. Caring as a transcultural phenomenon refers to the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors that are transmitted from one culture group to another.
C.Correct. Caring as an interpersonal interaction is considered the essence of nursing. It is the experience within the nurse-patient relationship.
D.Incorrect. Caring as an intervention refers to specific nursing interventions, actions, or therapeutics or evidence-based practice.

Question 7

Diane, the standout shooting guard for Central High School is being actively recruited by UCONN to play basketball. Last week, after making the winning shot in the playoff game, she injured her ankle. With sectionals just a week away, a decision had to be made. Diane was eager to get back on the court and help her team. Diane's parents didn't want to disappoint their daughter, but they were afraid if she played she could get hurt even worse and ruin her chance for a scholarship. After consulting with the physician, the nurse gathered the family to discuss Diane's situation and to come up with the best possible plan of care. Which component of Ray's CARING tool is being satisfied?

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. Advocacy involves discovering the vision or worldview of another.
B.Incorrect. Interaction involves interviewing and asking questions.
C.Correct. Relationship mediation, co-creation of life patterns and mutually devising a plan of care correctly describes negotiation.
D.Incorrect. Guidance includes co-education, co-direction, giving advice, and inspiring hope.

Question 8

Caring has different meanings in different contexts. Which shows understanding of the various contexts of caring, identifying caring from the discipline of philosophy?

Accepted Answer

A.Correct. By a careful analysis of action, there is a structure or necessity in all human action that becomes the key to understanding man's relationship to reality.
B.Incorrect. In the health-care arena, ethics deals with questions about how professionals should care.
C.Incorrect. This response explains caring in terms of political science and government.
D.Incorrect. Science now recognizes that belongingness, and therefore caring, as essential to universal existence.

Question 9

Which philosophical and empirical category of caring refers to the fundamental value of respect with adherence to a commitment of maintaining individual dignity and integrity?

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. This statement refers to caring as the human mode of being, part of human nature and essential to human existence.
B.Correct. This accurately describes caring as a moral imperative.
C.Incorrect. This is considered the essence of nursing.
D.Incorrect. This response illuminates nursing and caring as a spiritual practice.

Question 10

Blakely School of Nursing has had 2 consecutive years of low enrollment. To make matters worse, those who did enroll in the program either dropped out after the first semester or had a significant number of complaints. In this same time frame, Blakely has also experienced a high rate of staff turnover. A consultant was hired to evaluate the situation and provide recommendations to address the issues at Blakely. After evaluating, the consultant reports back that after a brief investigation, a training program was recommended for all staff that reinforced what a moral and caring educational environment required. Using what you know about caring and education, what should the training include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A.Correct. Nurse educators model caring to establish environments of learning that reinforce mutual respect, self-care, self-reflection, and freedom of choice.
B.Incorrect. Negotiation is part of the CARING tool for Cultural Competency.
C.Correct. Dialogue-reciprocal communicative interaction is required in a moral, caring, educational environment.
D.Correct. Confirmation-shaping and constructing an ethical ideal that involves transformation is part of a moral, caring, educational environment.
E.Incorrect. Modeling, Dialogue, Practice, and Confirmation are the four elements required for a caring, educational environment. Advocacy is incorrect.

Question 11

Florence Nightingale applied the knowledge and tools of science in addition to her philosophical beliefs on caring throughout her nursing career. What scientific tools did she employ to understand the environment and its effect on human beings? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A.Correct. Measurement was a tool used by Nightingale to understand environmental effects on humans.
B.Incorrect. Altruism refers to the selfless concern for the well-being of others but would not be considered a scientific tool.
C.Incorrect. Although Nightingale did document epidemiology, some sources report she did not fully believe in the germ theory.
D.Correct. Nightingale utilized empirical observation and kept meticulous records of the outcomes of care.
E.Incorrect. Aesthetic and spiritual knowledge was introduced into her caring philosophy, but not as a scientific tool.

Question 12

Ray identifies caring as an ontology, epistemology, teleology, and praxis, and as complex caring dynamics. Her ideas correlated with the new science of complexity. Which of the following concepts correspond(s) with Ray's identification of caring? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A.Incorrect. This choice is not included in the identification of caring.
B.Correct. Ontology is a way of being.
C.Correct. Epistemology is a way of knowing.
D.Correct. Teleology describes having a purpose.
E.Correct. Praxis is defined as practice.

Question 13

In nursing, the choice point is transcultural, communicative spiritual-ethical caring that calls forth compassion, advocacy, respect, interaction, negotiation, and guidance. What types of activities explain the meaning of spiritual-ethical caring? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A.Correct. Co-presence and dialogue can take the form of being, knowing, and doing.
B.Correct. Having authentic presence describes the action of one with the other.
C.Incorrect. Transcultural negotiation is part of the process of spiritual-ethical caring.
D.Correct. Taking responsibility takes the form of one for the other, existential advocacy, and right action.
E.Incorrect. Doing good explains a spiritual-ethical process.

Quiz 2: The Essence of Caring