Question 1

A community health nurse is conducting a program for a group of community leaders about universal design and its benefits. The nurse determines that the group has a good understanding about this concept based on which statement?

Accepted Answer

A healthier population may be achieved with attention to the environmental barriers that impede healthy lifestyles for all persons, including those with chronic or disabling conditions. Universal design is the purposefully created environments so that things can be accessible by all without the need for modifications. The built environment refers to the physical parts of where we live and work (e.g., homes, buildings, streets, open spaces, and infrastructure). Universal design incorporates access, but access does not necessarily imply universal design.

Question 2

A community health nurse is working as part of a team to develop programs to address chronic and disabling diseases and conditions. Which condition would the team focus on as the leading cause of disability in this country?

Accepted Answer

Although asthma, chronic kidney disease, and chronic back pain are major health issues, arthritis remains the leading cause of disability in the United States, with a direct impact on approximately 43 million individuals, including more than 20% of the adult population.

Question 3

After reading a journal article about the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and concepts describing the view of health, the nurse applies this information to clients at the community health center. Which concept would the nurse attribute to a client involved in completing self-care?

Accepted Answer

Activity is the execution of a task or action by an individual. Body functions are the physiologic functions of body systems and include psychological functions. Body structures are anatomic parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components. Impairments are problems in body function or structure, such as a significant deviation or loss.

Question 4

A community health nurse is incorporating information from the World Health Report into programs being offered by the local community. Which programs would best reflect the area that the nurse would emphasize as crucial to improving health? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The WHR 2002 (WHO, 2002b) emphasized that health care providers worldwide should broaden their clinical and population health practices, rather than continue a narrow focus on acute illness. Changes in lifestyles and behaviors that have key impacts on increasing healthy years of life should be emphasized. The 10 leading health risks identified by the WHO are as follows: (1) air pollution and climate change, (2) noncommunicable diseases, (3) global influenza pandemic, (4) fragile and vulnerable settings, (5) antimicrobial resistance, (6) Ebola and other high-threat pathogens, (7) weak primary health care, (8) vaccine hesitancy, (9) dengue, and (10) HIV (WHO, 2019b). Across the globe, these 10 health risks contribute to more than one third of all deaths and a significant proportion of disability. Half of these risk factors-tobacco and alcohol consumption, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity-are directly related to lifestyle and behavioral choices. Thus, programs such as heart healthy diet, increased activity levels, and smoking cessation would be the priority focus areas.

Question 5

A community health nurse is reviewing information about Healthy People 2030. Which areas would the nurse most likely find as needed public health action? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Healthy People 2030 identified three areas for public health action. These areas are improving the conditions of daily life, addressing the inequitable distribution of resources among people with disabilities and those without, and expanding the knowledge base and raising awareness about determinants of health for people with disabilities. One way to achieve the latter is by expanding disability and health training opportunities for public health and health care professionals. Treating acute conditions vigorously is not an area addressed.

Question 6

A community health nurse is conducting research about issues involving health-related services provided at a local community clinic for individuals with disabilities. The nurse's findings correlate with the findings from other studies, comparing individuals with disabilities and those without. Based on this research, the nurse would identify the inability to access which areas as a problem? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Although mental health and specialty care may be issues, research has shown that when considering the risk for unmet care in those with disabilities versus those without disabilities, the inability to access medical, dental, and prescription drug care is between 57% and 85% higher in those with disabilities.

Question 7

A nurse is preparing to assist a public school district to screen for disabilities. Which screenings are important to assess in the preschool population? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Disability status is determined by difficulties in these six areas: hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory, self-care, and independent living; children aged 5 to 14 years can have difficulty in hearing, vision, ambulatory, and self-care; and children <5 years can have difficulties in hearing and vision (American Community Survey, 2015). Among young adults, cognitive disabilities were the most common, whereas mobility disabilities were more prevalent in those over the age of 45 (Okoro et al., 2018).

Question 8

A nurse is caring for an older female who recently loss sight in her left eye due to cancer. She is planning on visiting her daughter in a few months and expresses concern about flying and getting around the airport. Which law should the nurse explain to the client?

Accepted Answer

The Air Carrier Access Act prohibits discrimination in air transportation by domestic and foreign carriers and is supported by the U.S. Department of Transportation. American with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination in employment, state and local government, and public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. Telecommunications Act supports that telecommunication equipment and services are accessible for anyone requesting them. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act makes available free public education in the least restrictive environment for all children with disabilities.

Question 9

A community health nurse is following up on a home health visit with a child with cerebral palsy. The mother has expressed challenges with the child as the other children have also become acutely ill. Which risk does the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

Caring for a disabled child is stressful. High level of anxiety, stress, depression, and illness are often report in these families. The nurse should be aware of communication that identifies problems, and the nurse should ask questions to assess for these challenges. The mother is not at risk of abusing her child and she has expressed challenges. There is no risk for infection, although the child with cerebral palsy could also acquire the acute infection. The mother is not socially isolated as she is visiting with the nurse and discussing the home situation.

Question 10

A nurse is caring for a 48-year-old female who has recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. During the home health visit, the client tells the nurse that her retirement funds as a schoolteacher will be eliminated next month. She does not have any children and is not married. Which government assistance program should the nurse assist in applying for?

Accepted Answer

Due to the client's description, the client is eligible for the SSI. SSI is a federal program that provides income to persons with disabilities who have little or no income to meet their basic needs. American with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination in employment, state and local government, and public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. TANF is a time-limited federal program that provides assistant to families that cannot meet basic needs. Medicaid provides affordable coverage as well as services not normally covered by provider insurance.

Quiz 24: Clients With Disabilities