Question 1

Theory History
-Which well known, and sometimes controversial, economist and philosopher believed that the economy was the best means for creating societal change and that class conflict was important in the process of creating a better society?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx was an economist who believed that the economy was society's driving force and that class conflict was vital to ensure a strong society. Marx focused on studying society and using the information gained to make positive changes. His views are still hotly debated today.

Question 2

Theory History
-Sara likes learning about women in history. During a sociology lecture, she enjoyed hearing the tale of an early female sociologist, who studied the plight of women, children, and the poor in Britain and America. Who was this woman?

Accepted Answer

Harriet Martineau was the first well-known female sociologist in the world. She gained notoriety for her research on women, children, and the poor and for translating some of Auguste Comte's work. Jane Addams, who came later, was one of the first sociologists in the U.S. and helped found Hull House in Chicago.

Question 3

Theory History
-Frank had a friend who committed suicide. Frank believes his friend killed himself because of social issues, rather than any biological problem he may have had. Frank's belief is similar to which early French sociologist's?

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim believed that people are more affected by society than by individual personality. His 1897 work Suicide explored the rise of suicide during times of social change such as the Industrial Revolution. Durkheim felt that a rise in suicide numbers could be attributed to the individuals within a society sharing a common loss of meaning.

Question 4

Theory History
-Karl Marx espoused using sociological research to institute social change, especially with respect to the poor. What other German sociologist felt that sociological research should be solely scientific and free from any of the researcher's beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Max Weber, a German sociologist, disagreed with Marx that social research should be used to facilitate change. Instead, Weber proposed that the sociologist should gain and understanding of society through research but not seek to change society based upon their findings.

Question 5

Theory History
-Which female American sociologist helped establish Hull House, a well-known Chicago settlement house that assisted poor women?

Accepted Answer

Jane Adams, a well-known sociologist, opened Hull House with Ellen Gates Starr. The settlement house catered to working-class women in a poverty stricken neighborhood. Abigail Adams was the wife of President John Adams. Mott and Stanton participated in the women's suffrage movement.

Question 6

Theory History
-Which prominent African American man not only helped found the NAACP but also created the second U.S. sociology department at Atlanta University?

Accepted Answer

W.E.B., a well-known African American professor at Atlanta University, founded the second U.S. sociology department. He also wrote The Philadelphia Negro, a study of African Americans in Philadelphia. Frederick Douglass was a social reformer and abolitionist.

Question 7

Theory History
-While visiting Chicago, Miriam and her mother toured a famous settlement house that brought educational and social help to women in one of the city's poorest neighborhoods. What is the name of this settlement house?

Accepted Answer

Hull House was a well-known settlement house that provided working-class women with education and other assistance. Hull House was founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. It was modeled after Toynbee Hall, a charity home in London. The Chicago School was the home of the first U.S. sociology department.

Question 8

Theory History
-What early faculty member at the Chicago School of Sociology is best known for his contributions to social psychology, including the concept of social behaviorism explored in his work Mind, Self and Society?

Accepted Answer

George Mead taught at the Chicago School and promoted the idea of social behaviorism. This concept focuses on how a person's sense of self is formed through interactions with others. Mead assisted in the creation of social psychology and helped introduce the idea of symbolic interactions.

Question 9

Theory History
-Which two major changes in society helped popularize the art of studying how people live?

Accepted Answer

The industrial revolution and urbanization of the 1700 and 1800s created great social change in Europe and America. Industrialization moved the economic focus from agriculture to manufacturing. With the growth of manufacturing, more laborers moved to cities, causing a rise in urbanization. These changes altered social interactions, which brought about reform movements such as abolition and temperance.

Question 10

Theory History
-The Industrial Revolution created rapid social change, such as urbanization. This rapid change broke from the social norms of the past and caused many common values and purpose to be lost. Durkheim called this loss------ ?

Accepted Answer

Anomie is a breakdown in societal norms and the change or loss of common values and purpose due to rapid societal changes such as occurred during the Industrial Revolution. Durkheim believed such a phase could cause drastic events, including an increase in the suicide rate.

Question 11

Theory History
-Which faculty member at the Chicago School of Sociology studied the effects of urbanization on the city and noted a rise in crime and growing conflict between races and classes?

Accepted Answer

Robert E. Park studied the effects of urbanization in Chicago and noticed a rise in crime and growing separation between races and classes. Park also developed the idea of human ecology, the interaction between people and their natural and social worlds. Karl Marx, a German sociologist, also studied conflict between classes.

Question 12

Theory History
-What is the term for the belief that those individuals and groups of humans best adapted to society will thrive?

Accepted Answer

Social Darwinism, propounded by Herbert Spencer, theorizes that those individuals and groups best suited to society will thrive. Spencer based his theory on Darwin's theories of evolution, which sought to explain adaptations in the natural world. Social Darwinism lost popularity after the Holocaust.

Question 13

Theory History
-Max Weber and Georg Simmel believed sociologists should seek what during social research?

Accepted Answer

Verstehen, the German word for understanding, is what Max Weber and Georg Simmel sought in their research. They believed sociologists should examine social facts to understand society, using a scientific methodology without the interference of personal opinion.

Question 14

Theory History
-Which is the best example of Marx's conflict theory?

Accepted Answer

The French Revolution is a well-known example of Marx's conflict theory. French citizens, tired of the oppressive poverty forced upon them by aristocrats, sought power as the answer to their problems. Marx's theory states that power persists through domination rather than consensus, and that conflict was necessary to create societal change.

Question 15

Theory History
-Which of the following statements about the symbolic interaction theory is false?

Accepted Answer

Personal interactions are of great importance to the symbolic interaction theory. This is the most basic level where the creation and use of symbolic meaning occurs. Georg Simmel studied social interactions among both small and large groups.

Question 16

Theory History
-Whose theory, known as "taking the role of the other" refers to a person's ability to understand another person's perspective?

Accepted Answer

G.H. Mead's theory, known as "taking the role of the other" refers to a person's ability to understand another person's perspective.
Key Takeaway: George H. Mead was a philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist who worked primarily at the University of Chicago. As one of the founders of social psychology and the sociological discipline in America, his theory of "taking the role of the other," is one of the key theories in modern sociological thought.

Question 17

Theory History
-Of the following statements, which is true about welfare recipients?

Accepted Answer

Of the listed statements, the one that is true about welfare recipients is that most recipients are children.
Key Takeaway: Welfare consists of the actions governments take in order to provide their citizens with a basic amount of care to individuals in need. In the United States, children make up the biggest percentage of the population that falls below the poverty line and are, therefore, the greatest number of people that receive welfare.

Question 18

Theory History
-Which phenomenon occurs when group members begin to conform to one another's views?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink occurs when group members begin to conform to one another's views.
Key Takeaway: Groupthink occurs when members within a cohesive group or society begin to conform to one another's views, typically in order to reach a consensus and minimize conflict. Although it can help to avoid conflict, groupthink can be a hugely negative consequence of group behavior, as all of the benefits of individual thought, creativity, and intelligence are often lost because other viewpoints are not brought to the table.

Question 19

Theory History
-Which term refers to command or leadership that is generally recognized and in which the leader is given the right to make the decisions?

Accepted Answer

Authority refers to command or leadership that is generally recognized and which the leader is given the right to make the decisions.
Key Takeaway: Authority basically refers to leadership or command that is recognized by a group. Leaders, via their authority, have the right to make decisions for the group as a whole. Authority can be imposed either by inferiors or superiors, by either force of weapons or argument (respectively).

Question 20

Theory History
-What theory argues that crowds of people do not always begin with singular individuals who hold the same motives and/or interests?

Accepted Answer

The Emergent-Norm Theory argues that crowds of people do not always begin with singular individuals who hold the same motives and/or interests.
Key Takeaway: The Emergent-Norm Theory was first developed in the 1980s by Lewis Killian and Ralph Turner. These two men observed that crowds do not always begin with individuals who hold a similar set of motives and/or interests. Rather, leaders within the group tend to construct a new set of "normal" motives or interests that are then soon adopted by the entire collective of individuals-the crowd.

Quiz 4: CLEP: Sociology

Theory History -Which well known, and sometimes controversial, economist and philosopher believed that the economy was the best means for creating societal change and that class conflict was important in the process of creating a better society?

Theory History -Sara likes learning about women in history. During a sociology lecture, she enjoyed hearing the tale of an early female sociologist, who studied the plight of women, children, and the poor in Britain and America. Who was this woman?

Theory History -Frank had a friend who committed suicide. Frank believes his friend killed himself because of social issues, rather than any biological problem he may have had. Frank's belief is similar to which early French sociologist's?

Theory History -Karl Marx espoused using sociological research to institute social change, especially with respect to the poor. What other German sociologist felt that sociological research should be solely scientific and free from any of the researcher's beliefs?

Theory History -Which female American sociologist helped establish Hull House, a well-known Chicago settlement house that assisted poor women?

Theory History -Which prominent African American man not only helped found the NAACP but also created the second U.S. sociology department at Atlanta University?

Theory History -While visiting Chicago, Miriam and her mother toured a famous settlement house that brought educational and social help to women in one of the city's poorest neighborhoods. What is the name of this settlement house?

Theory History -What early faculty member at the Chicago School of Sociology is best known for his contributions to social psychology, including the concept of social behaviorism explored in his work Mind, Self and Society?

Theory History -Which two major changes in society helped popularize the art of studying how people live?

Theory History -The Industrial Revolution created rapid social change, such as urbanization. This rapid change broke from the social norms of the past and caused many common values and purpose to be lost. Durkheim called this loss------ ?

Theory History -Which faculty member at the Chicago School of Sociology studied the effects of urbanization on the city and noted a rise in crime and growing conflict between races and classes?

Theory History -What is the term for the belief that those individuals and groups of humans best adapted to society will thrive?

Theory History -Max Weber and Georg Simmel believed sociologists should seek what during social research?

Theory History -Which is the best example of Marx's conflict theory?

Theory History -Which of the following statements about the symbolic interaction theory is false?

Theory History -Whose theory, known as "taking the role of the other" refers to a person's ability to understand another person's perspective?

Theory History -Of the following statements, which is true about welfare recipients?

Theory History -Which phenomenon occurs when group members begin to conform to one another's views?

Theory History -Which term refers to command or leadership that is generally recognized and in which the leader is given the right to make the decisions?

Theory History -What theory argues that crowds of people do not always begin with singular individuals who hold the same motives and/or interests?