Question 1

Using an A * B ANOVA,a researcher concludes that Factor A is significant,independent of Factor B. In this study, this researcher found a significant ______.
A) main effect of Factor A
B) main effect of Factor B
C) A * B interaction
D) post hoc test

Accepted Answer

The significant main effect of Factor A means that the levels of Factor A have a significant effect on the outcome, regardless of the levels of Factor B. There is no mention of a significant main effect of Factor B or an interaction effect, and post hoc tests are not related to the main effects or interactions in the ANOVA.

Question 2

A researcher has participants complete a survey regarding their level of restraint when eating.Participants were assigned to groups based on their current health status (lean,overweight,obese)and gender (male,female).What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?
A) a 1-between, 1-within factorial design
B) a between-subjects factorial design
C) a within-subjects factorial design
D) none; this is not a factorial design

Accepted Answer

A between-subjects factorial design is most appropriate for this study, as participants are assigned to groups based on their health status and gender. This design allows for the examination of the main effects of health status and gender, as well as potential interaction effects between these factors.

Question 3

Each of the following is a type of two-way ANOVA,except ______.
A) a 2-between factorial design
B) a 1-between, 1-within factorial design
C) a 2-within factorial design
D) a 1-between factorial design

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the type of two-way ANOVA that is not included in the options. Option D is a one-between factorial design, which only has one factor that is manipulated between groups. Therefore, it is not a two-way ANOVA. The other options are all two-way ANOVAs with two factors being manipulated.

Question 4

A researcher computes a two-way between-subjects ANOVA and finds a significant A * B interaction and two main effects.Which significant effect should typically be analyzed first?
A) the significant main effect for one factor
B) the significant main effect for both factors
C) the significant interaction
D) no effect needs to be analyzed further

Accepted Answer

The significant interaction should typically be analyzed first because it indicates that the effect of one factor on the outcome variable depends on the level of the other factor. This may provide valuable information for designing further research or interventions. The main effects can be examined after the interaction has been explored.

Question 5

Which of the following is a reason why it can be necessary to include two factors in the same statistical design?
A) you want to observe two groups in the same statistical design
B) you want to analyze the main effects of a factor
C) your hypothesis may require that you observe two factors
D) you want to minimize the number of participants observed in your study

Accepted Answer

Some research questions or hypotheses may require that two factors be observed in the same statistical design, as both factors may be important in determining the outcome of interest. For example, in studying how different types of exercise affect weight loss, it may be necessary to consider both the type of exercise and the duration of the exercise to understand their joint effects. Therefore, including two factors in a statistical design is often necessary to fully capture the complexity of the research question.

Question 6

Which of the following describes a research design in which one factor could be a between-subjects factor,and the second factor could be a within-subjects factor?
A) the effects of ones' sex (male, female) and season of birth on rates of schizophrenia
B) the effects of ones' socioeconomic status and education level on their overall life satisfaction
C) the effects of ones' income level on their resiliency in the face of each of three cognitively-challenging tasks
D) the effects of ones' handedness (right, left) and class year (freshman to senior) on their intelligence scores

Accepted Answer

In option C, income level could be a between-subjects factor, and the different cognitively-challenging tasks could be a within-subjects factor, as each participant experiences all tasks.

Question 7

A researcher observes the same participants across the levels of one factor and different participants across the levels of a second factor.What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?
A) a 1-between, 1-within factorial design
B) a between-subjects factorial design
C) a within-subjects factorial design
D) none; this is not a factorial design

Accepted Answer

A 1-between, 1-within factorial design involves observing the same participants across the levels of one factor (within-subjects) and different participants across the levels of a second factor (between-subjects). This design fits the description given in the question.

Question 8

A researcher computes a 2 * 3 factorial ANOVA.In this example,how many interactions can be observed?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 6

Accepted Answer

In a 2 * 3 factorial ANOVA, there is only one interaction effect, which is the interaction between the two factors being studied.

Question 9

For an analysis of variance,the term "two-way" refers to ______.
A) the number of factors in the design
B) the number of statistical tests in the design
C) the number of ways that the data can be analyzed
D) the direction that traffic should follow on a road

Accepted Answer

In an analysis of variance, the term "two-way" refers to the number of factors in the design. Specifically, a two-way ANOVA involves two independent variables (factors) that may or may not interact with each other to explain variation in the dependent variable.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly identifies each source of variation in the two-way between-subjects ANOVA?
A) two between-groups, one within-groups, and error
B) two within-groups, one between-groups, and error
C) two interactions, one main effect, and error
D) two main effects, one interaction, and error

Accepted Answer

The two-way between-subjects ANOVA analyzes the effects of two independent variables (factors) on the dependent variable. The sources of variation in this design are the two main effects of each independent variable and the interaction effect between them, as well as the error variance. Therefore, Choice D correctly identifies each source of variation, while the other choices are incorrect.

Question 11

A ______ is the combination of one level from each factor.
A) factor
B) cell
C) main effect
D) interaction

Accepted Answer

A cell is the combination of one level from each factor.

Question 12

Using a two-way between-subjects ANOVA with Factor A (gender: male,female)and Factor B (type of employment: blue collar,white collar),a researcher found that scores for men and women significantly varied across the levels of the second factor (type of employment).In this study,the researcher found a significant ______.
A) main effect of Factor A
B) main effect of Factor B
C) A * B interaction
D) post hoc test

Accepted Answer

A significant variation across levels of the second factor (type of employment) indicates an interaction effect between Factor A (gender) and Factor B (type of employment). Therefore, the correct answer is C, which represents an interaction effect. A main effect occurs when one factor has a significant effect on the dependent variable regardless of the level of the other factor. A post hoc test is used to compare specific pair-wise differences between groups after a significant interaction or main effect.

Question 13

Which source of variation,if significant,is typically analyzed first?
A) a main effect
B) the interaction

Accepted Answer

The interaction is typically analyzed first because it can affect the interpretation of main effects. If an interaction is significant, it suggests that the effect of one factor depends on the level of another factor, which can complicate the understanding of main effects.

Question 14

There are ______ factors in a 2 *3 ANOVA design.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 6

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are ______ factors in a 2...

Question 15

Which of the following hypotheses identifies a prediction that requires that two factors we observed in the same statistical design?
A) Eating slowly will reduce total caloric intake during a meal.
B) Mood will improve most when people consume foods that are high in sugar and fat.
C) Intense exercise will increase cravings for high calorie foods.
D) The closer a food is to a participant, the more of that food they will consume.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following hypotheses identifies a...

Question 16

There are ______ cells or groups in a 3 * 4 ANOVA design.
A) 3
B) 4
C) 7
D) 12

Accepted Answer

In a 3 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 4 ANOVA design, there are 3 levels of Factor 1 (F1), 3 levels of Factor 2 (F1), 2 levels of Factor 3 (F1S1), and 4 levels of Factor 4 (F1F1F10). The total number of cells or groups is equal to the product of the levels of each factor, i.e., 3×3×2×4=72. However, since there are likely to be some empty cells (i.e., combinations of factor levels that are not observed in the study), the actual number of non-empty cells may be less than 72.

Question 17

The complexity of the two-way ANOVA differs from that of the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs in that,______.
A) two factors can be observed using the two-way ANOVA, but not using the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs
B) an interaction can be observed using the two-way ANOVA, but not using the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs
C) three hypothesis are made with one statistical test using the two-way ANOVA, but not using the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Two-way ANOVA allows for the observation of two factors and their interaction, and it tests three hypotheses with one statistical test, distinguishing it from t-tests and one-way ANOVAs which do not offer these capabilities.

Question 18

A researcher computes a two-way between-subjects ANOVA and finds a significant main effect of Factor A and an A *B interaction.Which significant effect should typically be analyzed first?
A) the significant main effect
B) the significant interaction
C) No effect needs to be analyzed further.

Accepted Answer

The significant interaction should typically be analyzed first before interpreting the main effect of Factor A. This is because the presence of an interaction suggests that the effect of Factor A on the outcome depends on the level of Factor B, thus making it important to understand the nature of the interaction before interpreting the main effect.

Question 19

A researcher assigns participants to one of three groups (Group A,B,or C)and then observes each group for two days (Days 1 and 2).What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?
A) a 1-between, 1-within factorial design
B) a between-subjects factorial design
C) a within-subjects factorial design
D) none; this is not a factorial design

Accepted Answer

This study involves a 1-between (the groups: A, B, or C) and 1-within (the days: Day 1 and Day 2) factorial design, as participants are divided into groups (between-subjects factor) and observed across different times (within-subjects factor).

Question 20

Not including the total variation,how many sources of variation are measured in a two-way between-subjects ANOVA?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Accepted Answer

The answer of Not including the total variation,how many sources...

Quiz 14: Analysis of Variance: Two-Way Between-Subjects Factorial Design

Using an A * B ANOVA,a researcher concludes that Factor A is significant,independent of Factor B. In this study, this researcher found a significant ______.

A researcher has participants complete a survey regarding their level of restraint when eating.Participants were assigned to groups based on their current health status (lean,overweight,obese) and gender (male,female) .What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?

Each of the following is a type of two-way ANOVA,except ______.

A researcher computes a two-way between-subjects ANOVA and finds a significant A * B interaction and two main effects.Which significant effect should typically be analyzed first?

Which of the following is a reason why it can be necessary to include two factors in the same statistical design?

Which of the following describes a research design in which one factor could be a between-subjects factor,and the second factor could be a within-subjects factor?

A researcher observes the same participants across the levels of one factor and different participants across the levels of a second factor.What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?

A researcher computes a 2 * 3 factorial ANOVA.In this example,how many interactions can be observed?

For an analysis of variance,the term "two-way" refers to ______.

Which of the following correctly identifies each source of variation in the two-way between-subjects ANOVA?

A ______ is the combination of one level from each factor.

Which source of variation,if significant,is typically analyzed first?

There are ______ factors in a 2 *3 ANOVA design.

Which of the following hypotheses identifies a prediction that requires that two factors we observed in the same statistical design?

There are ______ cells or groups in a 3 * 4 ANOVA design.

The complexity of the two-way ANOVA differs from that of the t tests and the one-way ANOVAs in that,______.

A researcher computes a two-way between-subjects ANOVA and finds a significant main effect of Factor A and an A *B interaction.Which significant effect should typically be analyzed first?

A researcher assigns participants to one of three groups (Group A,B,or C) and then observes each group for two days (Days 1 and 2) .What type of factorial design is most appropriate for this study?

Not including the total variation,how many sources of variation are measured in a two-way between-subjects ANOVA?