Question 1

The four measurement data scales are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. On which measure scale would a quarter (25 cents) be classified?

Accepted Answer

A quarter (25 cents) would be classified under the nominal measurement scale.
Nominal data examines whether data are equivalent to a particular value. For example, in coins you have pennies for one cent, nickels for five cents, dimes for ten cents, and quarters for 25 cents.
Ordinal data has ordering, but value differences are not important. An example of this is employee satisfaction on the Like rt scale ranking of 1 to 5 where 5 is satisfied and 1 is dissatisfied.
Interval data has ordering with a constant scale but no natural zero. An example of this is changes in temperature. T the two measures of [38 degrees increasing to43 degrees] or [75 degrees increasing80 degrees] are the same. There is a five-degree difference. In both
Ratio scale is ordered with a constant scale and has a natural zero. Examples of this are height, age, weight, and length. You can say that a 10 lb. turkey weighs twice as much as a 20 lb. turkey.

Question 2

A process has a standard deviation of 20; values of 187, 182, 164, 190; and a mean of180. Calculate the 95% confidence limits.

Accepted Answer

If a process has a standard deviation of 20; the values of 187, 182, 164, 190; and a mean of180, the 95% confidence limits are 144.4 < u < 199.6. This is calculated by 180 - 1.96 x 10 < u < 180 + 1.96 x 10.

Question 3

The Analyze phase core activities include analyzing data, determining root causes, and determining correlations, such as calculating the mean, mode, median, and variance. Calculate the mean, median, and mode of 5, 7, 9, 4, 5, and 6.

Accepted Answer

The calculation of the mean, median, and mode of 5, 7, 9, 4, 5, and 6 is: Mean 6, Median 5.5, Mode 5.

Question 4

Which of the following project life cycle stages includes the development of the goals, deliverables, and project charter?

Accepted Answer

The conceptualization stage of the project life cycle stages includes the development of the goals, deliverables, and project charter. Termination is the sustainability plan, transferring the product to the customer, resources reassignment, and project close out. Planning includes creating the schedule, mapping the system, and identifying the project tasks. Execution is the actual work of the project.

Question 5

Which part of the Deming Cycle includes carrying out a test of change on a small scale?

Accepted Answer

The Do portion of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) includes carrying out a test of change on a small scale. The steps in the Deming PDCA or PDSA Cycle are: (1). Plan: Plan a change or test P, (2). Do: Carry out the change or test, preferably on a small scale, (3). Check: Observe the effects of the change or test. (4). Study it, (5) Act: Act on what was learned, (6). Repeat and continuously evaluate.

Question 6

Edwards Deming developed a System of Profound Knowledge. His knowledge system consists of four interrelated parts: (1) Theory of Optimization; (2) Theory of Variation; (3) Theory of Knowledge; and (4) Theory of Psychology. Which part explained that experience alone does not establish a theory?

Accepted Answer

W. Edwards Deming developed a System of Profound Knowledge. The Theory of Knowledge explained that experience alone does not establish a theory. His knowledge system consists of four interrelated parts: (1) Theory of Optimization; (2) Theory of Variation; (3) Theory of Knowledge; and (4) Theory of Psychology. In the theory of optimization, the objective of an organization is the optimization of the total system. In the theory of variation, Deming's philosophy focuses on improving the uncertainty and variability in design and manufacturing processes. In the theory of knowledge, Deming emphasized that knowledge is not possible without theory. He says copying a best practice without understanding the theory behind it could be devastating for a company. In the theory of psychology, Deming explained that psychology helps to understand people, interactions between people and circumstances, and interactions between leaders and employees in a system of management.

Question 7

Which of the following is a methodology or practice that provides tools to improve the capability of business processes, increase performance, and decrease process variation?

Accepted Answer

Six Sigma methodology is a methodology that provides tools to improve the capability of business processes, increase performance, and decrease process variation. The goal is increased customer satisfaction through consistent services, products, or processes. Six Sigma and lean reduce costs and waste by determining the cost of poor quality.

Question 8

In statistics, a sample statistic is one that takes a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. In statistical analysis the mean value tells the ____________ and variation tells the _________of an action.

Accepted Answer

In statistics, a sample statistic is one that takes a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. In statistical analysis, the mean value tells the current performance and variation tells the subjectivity of an action.

Question 9

Six Sigma green and black belts should be skilled in five areas, which include project management, leadership, analytical thinking, organizational change management, and __________.

Accepted Answer

Six Sigma green and black belts should be skilled in five areas, which include project management, leadership, analytical thinking, organizational change management, and adult learning skills.

Question 10

Logistical organizations may use "lean warehousing," which is the design of a distribution system to eliminate waste and create efficiencies. Which of the following principles would NOT be a lean tool for warehousing?

Accepted Answer

Storing products high out of reach would not be a lean tool for warehousing. Products need to be stored within reach of employees. Lean warehousing is the design of a distribution system to eliminate waste and create efficiencies by improving access and providing standardization.

Question 11

Standard deviation helps to determine the variability of some processes. Which choice explains how the standard deviation of a process would be calculated?

Accepted Answer

The standard deviation of a process would be calculated by taking the square root of the sum of squared standard deviations about a population mean divided by the number of observations in a population.

Question 12

In the development of a lean team and a project charter, which stakeholder determines the project's strategic objectives?

Accepted Answer

The organization's senior management is the stakeholder who determines the project's strategic objectives. The charter is built with input from all stakeholders. The organization's management is ultimately responsible for producing the product or service and determining the strategic objectives of the organization.

Question 13

Which choice below would NOT be included in the ground rules for team functioning that shows respect to others?

Accepted Answer

Documentation of personal agendas would not occur in the ground rules for team functioning. The team leader ensures personal agendas are not the focus for projects and the team is committed to meeting the deliverable requirements in the project charter. The ground rules for team functioning will include discussion of punctuality, member responsibilities, and meeting etiquette.

Question 14

Which lean tool would be best suited for improving the physical layout of a workspace?

Accepted Answer

A spaghetti diagram would be best suited for improving the physical layout of a workspace. It helps determine the number of steps and wasted moves for an operation in a physical environment. SIPOC stands for Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers. A swim lane is used in process flow diagrams or flowcharts to show responsibilities for sub-processes. A process map shows the activities in a process and their sequence.

Question 15

The objectives of a value-added and non-value-added analysis include all of the following EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

The objectives of a value-added and non-value-added analysis include identifying hidden costs, reducing process complexity, and reducing lead time. Reducing capacity is not correct because you actually want to improve or increase capacity through value-added and non-value-added analysis.

Question 16

Which of the following hypothesis tests is used to test the difference of a sample mean x-bar with a known population mean and known population sigma?

Accepted Answer

The one sample z-test is used to test the difference of a sample mean x-bar with a known population mean and known population sigma. The t-test is used to test the mean of a small sample with a normal distribution against a specified value. The paired t-test is used when the test units can be paired. The two sample tests are used for small samples of 30 or less to determine if numbers come from the same population.

Question 17

Which data analysis technique is used for determining if a measurement process has gone out of statistical control and is sensitive to changes in the number of defective items?

Accepted Answer

The c chart is the data analysis technique used for determining if a measurement process has gone out of statistical control and is sensitive to changes in the number of defective items. U charts plot the number of nonconformities per unit. P charts are used to plot units that do not conform when the samples are not of equal size. Np charts are used to plot units that do not conform when samples of equal size are taken from a process.

Question 18

All of the following tools can be used to determine the scope of a lean project EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

A product analysis, alternatives identification, and a stakeholder analysis can all be used to determine the scope of a lean project. A data collection plan is not a tool used in determining the project scope. The data collection plan houses information relative to the process or service which needs to be measured to improve.

Question 19

Taiichi Ohno studied waste and its impact on quality. Under his teachings, there are how many forms of waste?

Accepted Answer

Under Taiichi Ohno, there are eight forms of waste. The eight forms of waste are: 1. overproduction ahead of demand, 2. waiting for the next process, 3. unnecessary transport of materials, 4. over-processing of parts, 5. inventories more than the minimum, 6. unnecessary movement by employees, 7. production of defective parts, and 8. under-utilization of employees' talent.

Question 20

Lean practitioners are responsible for application of quality management standards within the organization. Which set of International Standards Organization (ISO) standards covers quality management and quality assurance?

Accepted Answer

ISO 9001Quality Management Standard (QMS) is the set of standards from the International Standards Organization (ISO) that covers quality management and quality assurance. It applies to processes to prescribe control of activities to ensure that the needs of customers are met.

Quiz 2: Continuous Improvement