Question 1

What rights do clients have in relation to the testing process?

Accepted Answer

Along with the right for an interpreter if needed, the client must give 'informed' consent and if any information on the results of the test are to be shared with anyone, the client must give their written permission. Of course, there may extenuating circumstances that need special care.

Question 2

What are some of the ethics and laws governing school counselors?

Accepted Answer

All counseling ethics do apply, along with some specific ones to deal with the special circumstances involved with school counseling. School counselors are in the midst of a wide variety of counseling situations every day spent at the schools. They are dealing with 'minors' with all ranges of problems, including suicides. They do have an association (ASCA) and the association does have a book (School Counseling Principle: Ethics and Law) that specializes in helping the counselor deal with the difficult and unusual (and sometimes emergency) situations.

Question 3

Are there any special considerations needed for divorce and custody litigation?

Accepted Answer

Parents sometimes get caught up in the issues between husband and wife and forget to remain focused on what is best for the children. Of course there is a tremendous amount of stress for everyone during this major life change, again, sometimes the children's stress gets pushed to the background, but it is very real and needs to be addressed.

Question 4

According to the preamble of "Ethical Principles of Psychologists" published by the American Psychology Association, what are some aspirational goals psychologists can use to guide their continuing practice of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The preamble to the above publication of 1990 admonishes psychologists to maintain their competence, to retain objectivity in applying their skills, and to preserve the dignity and best interests of their clients, colleagues, students, research participants, and society.

Question 5

In the beginnings of psychology there were eight schools of thought, each one differing in the method of treatment. These eight included:

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology was founded by German psychologists and focused on principles of perception and the organized whole. Psychobiology roots began from the beginnings of experimental physiology and believed problems had a biological cause. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual. These schools and their founders have contributed greatly to the development of psychology as we know it today.

Question 6

Some of the well known names in the history of psychology include:

Accepted Answer

Mary Calkins established a psychology laboratory in 1891 and later became the first woman president of the American Psychology Association. Along with his other contributions to psychology, Erik Erikson published a revision of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in the 1950's entitled "'Childhood and Society." During the 1960's, Albert Bandura was a prominent name in psychology and in 1963, along with Richard Walters, wrote "Social Learning and Personality Development." In this, he describes the effects of observational learning on personality development.

Question 7

Structuralism was one of the earliest schools. What was the focus or theory of that school?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focused on the sensations and feelings of conscious experience and established the importance of studying the mental process.

Question 8

How has the history of psychology and all its many methods affected the psychology methods or practices we use today?

Accepted Answer

Our modern psychologists talk about basic perspectives that influence the topics that are taught today. These include, but are not limited to, the psychoanalytic, behavioristic, and humanistic, cognitive, and biological perspectives. We refer to it as an Eclectic view.

Question 9

Sigmund Freud's theory is still controversial and receives a lot of criticism. Why?

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious mind was a new and intriguing idea. Couple that with his techniques for uncovering hidden, unconscious motives - and you have cause for much controversy and criticism. Add the fact that his work was based on individual case studies, all of which involved people with 'abnormal' thoughts and behaviors without comparison to 'normal' people's thoughts and behaviors. Although his theories are still controversial and still receive much criticism, Freud had a major impact on psychotherapy and psychiatry development and he can be credited with much of the growth of psychology throughout the world.

Question 10

Some of the degrees available in psychology are as follows:

Accepted Answer

The DMFT stands for Doctor of Marriage and Family Therapy, PhD is Doctor of Philosophy, and PsyD is Doctor of Psychology. MA and MS stand for Masters Degree in specific areas and LPsy is EU and Latin America's degree designation equivalent for the American PsyD.

Question 11

Professional licenses for Master degrees include:

Accepted Answer

The LMFT is Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist; CRC stands for Certified Rehabilitation Counselor; LPC is Licensed Professional Counselor (some states), or LMHC (some states) for Licensed Mental Health Counselor; and LCSW is Licensed Clinical Social Worker.

Question 12

Do licensing and degrees differ from state to state?

Accepted Answer

Just like in any other field, be it teaching, medical, or electrical, states control their own requirements and accept most school program credits and degrees, but there will be exceptions. Licensure is always a state requirement, with the state's own individual and national board exams. There may be a reciprocal with a nearby state, but not always. You can find out what your state requires through the Psychology Licensing Board in your state.

Question 13

Personnel Psychology obviously has to do with personnel. What would that include?

Accepted Answer

The Personnel branch of I/O psychology involves the recruiting, selecting, training, and evaluating of workers. It plays an important role in locating the right person for the right job.

Question 14

Why do some workers put in long hours and stay late while some arrive late and leave early? These differences are why employers are interested in Worker Motivation. There are three Theories that promote worker motivation. Pick the one listed here.

Accepted Answer

The three theories are Goal-Setting Theory, Equity Theory, and Expectancy Theory. Equity theory says that we are strongly motivated to maintain a state of equilibrium or balance. In a work setting, employees prefer jobs in which the output is equal to the input. If imbalances occur, workers adjust their input, output, or their psychological perceptions.

Question 15

A theory involving increased job satisfaction by matching a person's personality to the type of work they do is called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

Job satisfaction results from a match between personality and occupation according to the Personality-job Fit Theory. Supportive colleagues, supportive working conditions, mentally challenging work, and equitable rewards are also important.

Question 16

What are some of the very basic reasons the APA stresses in their "Ethical Principles of Psychologists"?

Accepted Answer

The preamble to the above publication of 1990 admonishes psychologists to maintain their competence, to retain objectivity in applying their skills, and to preserve the dignity and best interests of their clients, colleagues, students, research participants, and society.

Question 17

Sigmund Freud's theory is still controversial and still receives a lot of criticism today. Why?

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious mind was a new and intriguing idea. Couple that with his techniques for uncovering hidden, unconscious motives and you have cause for much controversy and criticism. Add the fact that his work was based on individual case studies, all of which involved people with 'abnormal' thoughts and behaviors without comparison to 'normal' people's thoughts and behaviors. Although his theories are still controversial and still receive much criticism, Freud had a major impact on psychotherapy and psychiatry development and he can be credited with much of the growth of psychology throughout the world.

Question 18

Who is Victor Frankl?

Accepted Answer

Victor Frankl is one of the primary therapists associated with the development of existentialism. He wrote "Man's Search for Meaning" and called his approach to treatment logotherapy- therapy through meaning. Born in Vienna, Austria in 1905, he was imprisoned in a Nazi prison camp during much of the second World War.

Question 19

According to Gestalt therapists, people experience psychological difficulties because _________.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt is defined as a structured entity that is more than and different from its parts. The purpose of Gestalt therapy is to help people acknowledge important parts of themselves they have "cut off" such as emotions, bodies, or contact with others. Successful therapy creates awareness in the neglected and disowned parts and restores a sense of wholeness, integration, and balance.

Question 20

In order to supervise other counselors in their clinical work, a clinician must have _____________.

Accepted Answer

The requirement for supervision varies from state to state. In each state, a certain amount of direct contact hours with clients are required. States vary the amount of these hours and type of licensure needed to supervise other counselors and their work with people.

Quiz 9: EPPP 4

What rights do clients have in relation to the testing process?

What are some of the ethics and laws governing school counselors?

Are there any special considerations needed for divorce and custody litigation?

According to the preamble of "Ethical Principles of Psychologists" published by the American Psychology Association, what are some aspirational goals psychologists can use to guide their continuing practice of psychology?

In the beginnings of psychology there were eight schools of thought, each one differing in the method of treatment. These eight included:

Some of the well known names in the history of psychology include:

Structuralism was one of the earliest schools. What was the focus or theory of that school?

How has the history of psychology and all its many methods affected the psychology methods or practices we use today?

Sigmund Freud's theory is still controversial and receives a lot of criticism. Why?

Some of the degrees available in psychology are as follows:

Professional licenses for Master degrees include:

Do licensing and degrees differ from state to state?

Personnel Psychology obviously has to do with personnel. What would that include?

Why do some workers put in long hours and stay late while some arrive late and leave early? These differences are why employers are interested in Worker Motivation. There are three Theories that promote worker motivation. Pick the one listed here.

A theory involving increased job satisfaction by matching a person's personality to the type of work they do is called ____________________.

What are some of the very basic reasons the APA stresses in their "Ethical Principles of Psychologists"?

Sigmund Freud's theory is still controversial and still receives a lot of criticism today. Why?

Who is Victor Frankl?

According to Gestalt therapists, people experience psychological difficulties because _________.

In order to supervise other counselors in their clinical work, a clinician must have _____________.