Question 1

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.​
A)vesicles
B)​nodes
C)​axons
D)dendrites

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the...

Question 2

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is ____.​
A)inactivation
B)​reuptake by the presynaptic neuron
C)​diffusion
D)reuptake by the postsynaptic neuron

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary method for disposal of peptide...

Question 3

A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect of ____.​
A)prolonging the action of acetylcholine at its synapses
B)​decreasing the duration of action of acetylcholine at its synapses
C)​decreasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell
D)increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine after it has been released by the presynaptic cell. Inhibiting the action of this enzyme will prevent its breakdown, leading to a prolonged action of acetylcholine at its synapses. This can have a variety of effects, depending on the location and function of the synapses involved.

Question 4

The anterior pituitary is composed of ____ and the posterior pituitary is composed of ____.​
A)glandular tissue; neural tissue
B)​neural tissue; glandular tissue
C)​neural tissue; neural tissue
D)glandular tissue; glandular tissue

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary is composed of glandular tissue and the posterior pituitary is composed of neural tissue.

Question 5

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.​
A)secreted by a gland to the outside world
B)​conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences
C)​capable of activating or inhibiting muscle fibers
D)a feedback message from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron

Accepted Answer

Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by glands and transported throughout the body by the bloodstream. They can act on various organs and tissues to regulate physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Question 6

Hormones exert their effects ____.​
A)similarly to metabotropic neurotransmitters
B)​similarly to ionotropic neurotransmitters
C)​by attaching to special receptors on muscle fibers
D)by being metabolized and converted via presynaptic cells

Accepted Answer

Hormones typically bind to specific receptors on target cells, which activate signaling pathways inside the cell. This process is similar to how metabotropic neurotransmitters work. Ionotropic neurotransmitters, on the other hand, bind to ion channels and cause rapid changes in membrane potential. Hormones do not directly attach to muscle fibers, and they are not metabolized or converted via presynaptic cells.

Question 7

Activation of autoreceptors tends to ____.​
A)increase further neurotransmitter release
B)​stimulate GABA release
C)​increase sodium-potassium pump activity
D)decrease further neurotransmitter release

Accepted Answer

Activation of autoreceptors tends to decrease further neurotransmitter release. Autoreceptors are a type of neurotransmitter receptor located on the presynaptic neuron that bind to the neurotransmitter released by that neuron. When activated, autoreceptors signal to the presynaptic neuron to decrease its release of neurotransmitter, leading to a negative feedback loop that helps regulate synaptic activity.

Question 8

COMT and MAO are ____.​
A)enzymes that convert catecholamines into inactive chemicals
B)​enzymes that make catecholamines
C)​neurotransmitters in the same group as serotonin
D)the inactive fragments of catecholamines

Accepted Answer

COMT and MAO are enzymes that break down and convert catecholamines (such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) into inactive chemicals.

Question 9

Describe the main chemical events at a synapse.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main chemical events at a...

Question 10

Briefly compare the differences between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.Include their mechanisms of action and how they explains the difference in the effects on the postsynaptic cell.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly compare the differences between ionotropic and...

Question 11

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)controls secretions of the ____.​
A)gonads
B)​mammary glands
C)​thyroid gland
D)adrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls secretions of the adrenal cortex. The hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

Question 12

Briefly describe spatial summation.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe spatial summation.​...

Question 13

What happens to acetylcholine after it attaches to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell?​
A)It is broken down into two components.
B)​It is reabsorbed intact by the presynaptic cell.
C)​It is metabolized by the postsynaptic cell as a source of energy.
D)It continues to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron until replaced by another neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

After acetylcholine attaches to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell, it is broken down into two components (acetic acid and choline) by an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase. This process is essential for terminating the action of acetylcholine and preventing overstimulation of the postsynaptic cell.

Question 14

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the ____.​
A)anterior pituitary; bloodstream
B)​hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
C)​hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
D)posterior pituitary; hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream, where they travel to the anterior pituitary gland. Once they reach the anterior pituitary, they stimulate the release of specific pituitary hormones.

Question 15

Describe the sequence of events that occurs in synaptic transmission.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the sequence of events that occurs...

Question 16

"Transporter" proteins transport neurotransmitters ____.​
A)back into the presynaptic neuron
B)​across the synapse to the postsynaptic neuron
C)​across the synapse back to the presynaptic neuron
D)to the appropriate receptor sites

Accepted Answer

Transporter proteins are responsible for the reuptake of neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron. This helps to terminate the signaling process and prevent excessive stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 17

Describe the main properties of neuropeptides (neuromodulators).​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main properties of neuropeptides (neuromodulators).​...

Question 18

Autoreceptors monitor the ____.​
A)number of action potentials
B)​extracellular sodium concentration
C)​amount of neurotransmitter released
D)amount of reuptake

Accepted Answer

Autoreceptors are receptors located on the presynaptic neuron that monitor the amount of neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft. They can inhibit further neurotransmitter release if the concentration of neurotransmitter is too high, which helps regulate synaptic transmission.

Question 19

What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?​
A)It synthesizes acetylcholine from the diet.
B)​It increases the sensitivity of the postsynaptic cell to acetylcholine.
C)​It blocks further release of the transmitter acetylcholine.
D)It breaks acetylcholine down into components for recycling.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine into components for recycling. This is important because it prevents excessive stimulation of the postsynaptic cell and allows for proper functioning of the nervous system.

Question 20

Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?​
A)recycling of neurotransmitters
B)​breaking down neurotransmitters via an enzymatic process
C)​absorbing neurotransmitters by postsynaptic neurons
D)re-releasing neurotransmitters from postsynaptic neurons

Accepted Answer

Reuptake is an alternative to breaking down neurotransmitters via an enzymatic process. Reuptake is the process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron after they have been released into the synapse. This allows for the neurotransmitters to be reused and is an alternative to the enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitters that occurs in the synaptic cleft.

Quiz 2: Synapses

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is ____.

A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect of ____.

The anterior pituitary is composed of and the posterior pituitary is composed of .

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.

Hormones exert their effects ____.

Activation of autoreceptors tends to ____.

COMT and MAO are ____.

Describe the main chemical events at a synapse.

Briefly compare the differences between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.Include their mechanisms of action and how they explains the difference in the effects on the postsynaptic cell.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls secretions of the ____.

Briefly describe spatial summation.

What happens to acetylcholine after it attaches to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell?

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the and released in the .

Describe the sequence of events that occurs in synaptic transmission.

"Transporter" proteins transport neurotransmitters ____.

Describe the main properties of neuropeptides (neuromodulators).

Autoreceptors monitor the ____.

What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?

Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?

Quiz 2: Synapses

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.​

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is ____.​

A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect of ____.​

The anterior pituitary is composed of ____ and the posterior pituitary is composed of ____.​

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.​

Hormones exert their effects ____.​

Activation of autoreceptors tends to ____.​

COMT and MAO are ____.​