Question 1

Anthropology emerged as a scientific discipline less than 100 years ago.

Accepted Answer

Anthropology emerged as a scientific discipline in the 19th century, with roots in the study of natural history and comparative anatomy. However, it was not until the 20th century that it began to develop as a distinct and organized field of study.

Question 2

In order to frame objective hypotheses that are as free of cultural bias as possible,anthropologists typically develop them through _______________.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists typically develop objective hypotheses through fieldwork, which involves firsthand observation and immersion in the culture being studied. This allows for a more thorough understanding of the cultural context and can lead to hypotheses that are less biased by the anthropologist's own cultural perspective. Library research, surveys, and well-developed questionnaires may also inform the development of hypotheses, but they are not sufficient on their own. Laboratory research is generally not applicable to cultural anthropology as it is a study of human behavior in natural settings.

Question 3

The term that refers to worldwide interconnectedness,signified by global movements of natural resources,trade goods,human labor,finance capital,information,and infectious diseases is known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

Globalization refers to the interconnectedness of the world through the movement of goods, people, information, and diseases across international boundaries. Nationalization refers to the process of bringing industries or resources under the control of a national government, while internationalization refers to the process of expanding business operations across borders. Pandemonium refers to a wild uproar or chaotic situation. Holism refers to the idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts and that systems should be viewed as a whole, rather than individual components.

Question 4

The use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve "practical" problems,often for a specific client is known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

Applied anthropology involves using anthropological theories, methods, and knowledge to solve real-world problems, often for a particular client or community. This can include areas such as public health, education, development, and policy-making, among others. Ethnohistory, linguistic anthropology, ethnography, and physical anthropology focus on different aspects of anthropology and do not necessarily involve practical problem-solving.

Question 5

One way that culture is preserved and shared is by language.

Accepted Answer

Language is a key element of culture and is used to pass down traditions, values, beliefs, and knowledge from one generation to another. It helps preserve cultural identity and enables communication within a community or group.

Question 6

Ethnographic fieldwork is never done in Western societies.

Accepted Answer

Ethnographic fieldwork can be and has been done in Western societies, although the focus and methods may differ from those used in non-Western societies.

Question 7

Among the skeletal remains studied by forensic anthropologist Clyde Snow are the remains of ______________.

Accepted Answer

Both General George A. Custer and Josef Mengele are among the skeletal remains studied by Clyde Snow.

Question 8

Anthropology makes an important distinction between the political and social organization of _______________.

Accepted Answer

Anthropology makes an important distinction between the political and social organization of a nation and a state. A nation refers to a group of people who share a common language, culture, history, and often, but not always, a territory. A state, on the other hand, is a political entity with defined borders, a government, and the ability to make and enforce laws within those borders. While a single nation may be split between multiple states, a single state may contain multiple nations. This distinction is important in understanding the complex relationships and tensions between groups of people within and across different political and social organizations.

Question 9

The authors of your textbook have identified two countries that have made moves toward allowing same sex unions.Identify the two countries.

Accepted Answer

The authors of the textbook have identified Belgium and the Netherlands as two countries that have made moves toward allowing same-sex unions. Both countries legalized same-sex marriage in 2003, becoming the first two countries in the world to do so.

Question 10

Recent studies have shown that the unusual degree of separation of mother and infant in Western societies has important consequences.Which of the following are not consequences of the rather long degree of mother/infant separation in Western societies?

Accepted Answer

The prevention of early ovulation after childbirth is not a consequence of the long degree of separation between mother and infant in Western societies. This statement is not relevant to the topic of mother/infant separation and is not supported by recent studies.

Question 11

In _______________,the first organ transplant occurred in _______________ when surgeons removed a kidney from one identical twin to place it inside his sick brother.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct answer to the question as the first successful organ transplant (a kidney) occurred in Boston in 1954, when surgeon Joseph Murray removed a healthy kidney from one identical twin and transplanted it into his sick brother. This groundbreaking procedure paved the way for future advancements in organ transplantation.

Question 12

In their fight against HIV/AIDS,traditional Zulu healers offer all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The passage does not mention the traditional Zulu healers offering the latest technological advances in disease treatment.

Question 13

The branch of anthropology that studies past human cultures,some of which have left no written records,is known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

Archaeology is the branch of anthropology that focuses on studying past human cultures, societies, and behaviors through the analysis of artifacts, structures, and other physical remains. It often involves excavating sites where humans lived or worked, in order to understand their way of life, beliefs, and customs. Unlike cultural anthropology, which focuses on contemporary societies, archaeology deals with the distant past, including periods for which no written records exist. Geologic anthropology is not a recognized subfield of anthropology, while linguistic anthropology and ethnography focus on language and cultural practices of living societies, respectively.

Question 14

Far from being the biological reality it is thought to be,the concept of race emerged in the _______________ century as a device for justifying the dominance of Europeans and their descendants over Africans,Native Americans,and other "people of color."

Accepted Answer

The concept of race emerged in the 18th century as a device for justifying the dominance of Europeans and their descendants over Africans, Native Americans, and other "people of color." This had to do with the rise of colonialism and the slave trade, as well as scientific theories that attempted to classify and rank humans based on physical characteristics. While ideas about race have changed over time, the basic power dynamic of oppression and discrimination continues to be a pervasive issue in many societies.

Question 15

Anthropology is different from other disciplines that study humans in its greater attention to detail and its requirement that students master the anatomical details of the human body before they even begin to study diverse cultures.

Accepted Answer

Anthropology is distinct from other disciplines in its holistic approach to studying humans, which includes cultural, social, linguistic, and biological aspects, rather than focusing primarily on anatomical details.

Question 16

Forensic anthropologists have become increasingly involved in the investigation of human rights abuses in all parts of the world.Which of the following areas represent the most recent investigations of forensic anthropologists into human rights abuses?

Accepted Answer

Forensic anthropologists have been involved in various global locations to investigate human rights abuses. The most recent investigations mentioned, such as those in New York City (post-9/11 efforts) and Iraq (conflict-related investigations), highlight the evolving and current nature of forensic anthropology's role in addressing human rights concerns.

Question 17

Ethnographies are _______________.

Accepted Answer

Ethnographies are in-depth descriptive studies of specific cultures, typically conducted by anthropologists. These studies often involve living among the culture being studied, observing and participating in their daily lives, and conducting interviews with members of the culture. Ethnographies aim to provide a detailed and nuanced understanding of the culture's beliefs, practices, and social norms.

Question 18

What is "transplant tourism"?

Accepted Answer

Transplant tourism refers to the practice of traveling across national borders for the purpose of obtaining organs for transplantation, often through illegal means such as buying and selling organs on the black market. This unethical and dangerous practice exploits vulnerable individuals in need of money and puts transplant recipients at risk of receiving non-compatible or diseased organs.

Question 19

Cross-cultural studies show that in many non-Western cultures "co-sleeping" (infant sleeps with mother)is the rule.Which of the following are benefits of mother and infant co-sleeping?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that co-sleeping promotes more frequent nursing and stimulation for the infant, reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and does not affect the mothers' sleep quality negatively when compared to mothers who do not co-sleep with their infants. Therefore, all of the given choices are benefits of mother and infant co-sleeping.

Question 20

Reconstructing the evolution of the big toe to determine at what time humans began to walk would be a research project for which of the following type of anthropologists?

Accepted Answer

Physical anthropologists study the biological and physical aspects of human evolution, including anatomy and skeletal structures. They would be the ones to study the evolution of the big toe and its role in human locomotion.

Quiz 1: The Essence of Anthropology