Question 1

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of acquiring cancer of:
A)Liver
B)Bones
C)Ovaries
D)Uterus

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of acquiring cancer of the liver and ovaries.

Question 2

Influenza pandemic occurs after every 7 - 10 years. This kind of disease distribution in time is known as:
A)Secular trend
B)Short time fluctuation
C)Cyclical trend
D)Seasonal trend

Accepted Answer

Cyclical trends describe patterns of fluctuation in disease occurrence over long periods, such as several years or decades, which fits the description of influenza pandemics occurring every 7-10 years.

Question 3

A patient is suffering from AIDS. He is suffering from suppression of which of the
Following cells?
A)Monocytes
B)T- Cells
C)B-Cells
D)CD4 Cells

Accepted Answer

AIDS primarily affects CD4 cells, which are a type of T-cell, leading to their suppression and a weakened immune system.

Question 4

What is the worldwide prevalence of obesity?
A)11 %
B)13 %
C)15 %
D)39 %

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the worldwide prevalence of obesity?
A)11...

Question 5

What is the definition of overweight? A)BMI > 25 kg/m² B)BMI = 25 kg/m² C)BMI 25-29.9 kg/m D)BMI 25-30 kg/m²

Accepted Answer

Overweight is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9 kg/m^2. This range is considered above the normal weight range but below the classification for obesity.

Question 6

What are the main causes of the obesity epidemic?
A)Increased energy quantity/density and a more sedentary life-style
B)Decreased leisure time activity
C)Changes in genetic profiles
D)None of the options given is correct

Accepted Answer

The obesity epidemic is primarily driven by increased energy intake from high-calorie foods and a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases does obesity increase the risk of developing?
A)Type 2 diabetes
B)Cancer
C)Cardiovascular disease
D)All of the options given are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following diseases does obesity...

Question 8

What is the energy need of a sedentary 43-year old woman who weighs 63 kg?
A)1250 kcal/day
B)1350 kcal/day
C)1525 kcal/day
D)1800 kcal/day

Accepted Answer

The energy need for a sedentary adult woman is typically calculated using the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and an activity factor. For a 43-year-old woman weighing 63 kg, the estimated energy requirement is around 1525 kcal/day.

Question 9

What is leptin resistance?
A)Deficiency of leptin caused by a mutation in the leptin gene
B)Lack of leptin release from the adipose tissue
C)High concentrations of leptin without reduction in energy intake
D)Low concentrations of leptin with increased energy intake

Accepted Answer

Leptin resistance occurs when there are high concentrations of leptin in the body (usually due to increased fat mass) but the brain does not respond to it by reducing appetite or increasing energy expenditure, leading to a lack of reduction in energy intake despite high leptin levels.

Question 10

What is the difference between LCD and VLCD?
A)VLCD provides less energy than LCD and usually does not include natural foods natural foods
B)LCD provides less energy than LCD and usually does not include natural foods natural foods
C)LCD provides less energy than VLCD and usually includes natural foods
D)VLCD provides less energy than LCD and usually includes natural foods

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between LCD and...

Question 11

Why were low-carbohydrate diets not recommended previously?
A)Due to less weight loss efficacy
B)Due to low adherence to the diet
C)Due to the high protein content of the diet
D)Due to possible cardiovascular sideeffects

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why were low-carbohydrate diets not recommended previously?
A)Due...

Question 12

What type of diet is recommended for weight maintenance?
A)Low protein and low GI
B)High protein and high GI
C)Low protein and high GI
D)High protein and low GI

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of diet is recommended for...

Question 13

Which drug(s) is/are approved for the treatment of obesity in Europe?
A)Orlistat
B)Phentermine/Topiramate
C)Lorcaserin
D)Naltrexone/Bupropion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which drug(s) is/are approved for the treatment...

Question 14

Bariatric surgery is used for obesity treatment but how much is the incidence of type 2 diabetes reduced in obese individuals after surgery?
A)80-90%
B)No reduction in the incidence
C)Approximately 50 %
D)None of the options given is correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bariatric surgery is used for obesity treatment...

Question 15

Which of the mechanisms below can explain why high protein diets are optimal for weight loss and weight maintenance?
A)Synergistic effect of GLP-1 and PYY on the appetite centres in the brain
B)Preservation of lean body mass
C)A higher thermic effect of protein than carbohydrates and fats
D)All of the options above

Accepted Answer

High protein diets are optimal for weight loss and maintenance due to a combination of factors: the synergistic effect of GLP-1 and PYY on appetite control, preservation of lean body mass during weight loss, and a higher thermic effect of protein compared to carbohydrates and fats, which increases energy expenditure.

Question 16

The time duration for the pasteurization is
A)30 minutes
B)20 minutes
C)15 minutes
D)11 minutes

Accepted Answer

The traditional method of pasteurization, known as low-temperature long-time (LTLT) pasteurization, involves heating the liquid to 63°C (145°F) for 30 minutes.

Question 17

During pasteurization, the milk is heated for 30 minutes at
A)97 °C
B)83 °C
C)72 °C
D)61 °C

Accepted Answer

During pasteurization, milk is typically heated to 61°C (or 145°F) for 30 minutes in the low-temperature, long-time (LTLT) method.

Question 18

In hospitals, the surgical instruments and plastics are washed with
A)Ethylene oxide
B)Iodine
C)Tincture
D)Chlorine

Accepted Answer

Ethylene oxide is used to sterilize surgical instruments and plastics that cannot withstand high temperatures, as it is effective at lower temperatures and does not damage sensitive medical equipment.

Question 19

For the purification of swimming pools and water supplies of chemical used is
A)Alcohol
B)Chlorine
C)Iodine
D)Heavy metals

Accepted Answer

Chlorine is commonly used for the purification of swimming pools and water supplies because it is effective at killing bacteria and other pathogens, ensuring the water is safe for use.

Question 20

The temperature required for the sterilization with dry heat is
A)180 °C
B)183 °C
C)189 °C
D)190 °C

Accepted Answer

Dry heat sterilization typically requires temperatures of 160-180°C for at least 2 hours, making 180°C a common standard for this process.

Quiz 13: Health and Environmental Issues and Concerns

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of acquiring cancer of:

Influenza pandemic occurs after every 7 - 10 years. This kind of disease distribution in time is known as:

A patient is suffering from AIDS. He is suffering from suppression of which of the Following cells?

What is the worldwide prevalence of obesity?

What is the definition of overweight?

What are the main causes of the obesity epidemic?

Which of the following diseases does obesity increase the risk of developing?

What is the energy need of a sedentary 43-year old woman who weighs 63 kg?

What is leptin resistance?

What is the difference between LCD and VLCD?

Why were low-carbohydrate diets not recommended previously?

What type of diet is recommended for weight maintenance?

Which drug(s) is/are approved for the treatment of obesity in Europe?

Bariatric surgery is used for obesity treatment but how much is the incidence of type 2 diabetes reduced in obese individuals after surgery?

Which of the mechanisms below can explain why high protein diets are optimal for weight loss and weight maintenance?

The time duration for the pasteurization is

During pasteurization, the milk is heated for 30 minutes at

In hospitals, the surgical instruments and plastics are washed with

For the purification of swimming pools and water supplies of chemical used is

The temperature required for the sterilization with dry heat is