Question 1

Set of rules for structuring sentences is called
A)grammar
B)linguistic determinants
C)morphemes
D)phonemes

Accepted Answer

Grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language.

Question 2

______ thinking goes from general principles to specific facts
A)divergent
B)inductive
C)deductive
D)convergent

Accepted Answer

Deductive thinking starts with a general principle or hypothesis and works towards a specific conclusion based on this general principle.

Question 3

A perceptual set that causes one to become hung up on wrong solutions or remain blind to alternatives is called
A)fixation
B)incubation
C)creative thinking
D)conditional thinking

Accepted Answer

Fixation is a cognitive obstacle that refers to the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, leading to a focus on wrong solutions or a failure to consider alternative approaches.

Question 4

General 'mental short cuts' or quick decision making rules could be considered what type of problem solving strategy?
A)heuristics
B)ideal strategy
C)brainstorming
D)graphical representations

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision making. They are strategies used to quickly make judgments and solve problems when a full analysis is impractical or impossible.

Question 5

In order for something to be creative, it should be useful,
A)self-explanatory and clever
B)original and surprising
C)flexible and inspiring
D)valuable and unique

Accepted Answer

Originality and surprise are key elements of creativity.

Question 6

Creativity includes
A)convergent thinking
B)divergent thinking
C)deductive thinking
D)inductive reasoning

Accepted Answer

Creativity often involves divergent thinking, which is the process of thinking that explores multiple possible solutions and approaches to problems, rather than converging on a single answer.

Question 7

Unconscious thought process involved in creative thinking is at work in this stage
A)illumination
B)evaluation
C)incubation
D)preparation

Accepted Answer

The incubation stage of the creative process involves unconscious thought processes that work on the problem without the individual's conscious effort, often leading to insights or solutions emerging after a period of time.

Question 8

Incoming sensory information must go through this sequence in order to be remembered
A)storage, encoding, retrieval
B)storage, encoding, retrieval.
C)encoding, storage, retrieval
D)encoding, retrieval, storage

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for processing incoming sensory information to be remembered is encoding (initially recording the information), storage (maintaining the information over time), and retrieval (accessing the information when needed).

Question 9

How to measure explicit memory?
A)recalling method
B)recognition method
C)relearning method
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of How to measure explicit memory?
A)recalling method
B)recognition method
C)relearning...

Question 10

The entry point of memory- the initial stage of the memory system in which all ofthe stimuli that bombard our senses are retained in their original sensory form for avery brief time
A)sensory memory
B)long term memory
C)short term memory
D)implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the initial stage of the memory system where stimuli from our environment are retained in their original form for a very brief period, allowing us to select which stimuli to focus on and transfer to the next stage of memory processing.

Question 11

Rehearsal is the process of actively manipulating information so that it can be retained in memory. There are two main types of rehearsal, they are
A)sustenance and maintenance rehearsal
B)specific and non-specific rehearsal
C)maintenance and elaborative rehearsal
D)elaborative and specific rehearsal

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves the simple repetition of information to keep it in short-term memory or to encode it for long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal involves linking the new information to existing knowledge, making it more meaningful and easier to remember.

Question 12

The process of linking new information in a meaningful way with informationalready stored in memory or with other new information; to aid in its storage andretrieval from long term memory
A)maintenance rehearsal
B)elaborative rehearsal
C)non-specific rehearsal
D)sustenance rehearsal

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves linking new information in a meaningful way with information already stored in memory or with other new information, which aids in its storage and retrieval from long-term memory. This process goes beyond mere repetition or maintenance rehearsal by adding meaning or making connections to the material being memorized, thereby enhancing memory retention.

Question 13

The relatively permanent memory system that holds vast amount of information for a long period of time
A)sensory memory
B)long term memory
C)short term memory
D)iconic memory

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is the component of the memory system that is responsible for storing information over extended periods, ranging from a few minutes to a lifetime, making it the correct answer for holding vast amounts of information for long periods.

Question 14

Psychologists have distinguished between two types of long term memory storage. They are called
A)assertive and procedural memory
B)declarative and assertive memory
C)assertive and interrogatory memory
D)declarative and non-declarative memory

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events. Non-declarative memory, on the other hand, consists of memories that are acquired and used unconsciously, such as skills (procedural memory).

Question 15

The declarative memory system that holds information about specific events orpersonal experiences; the declarative memory system that stores the information wehave about the world
A)episodic; semantic
B)semantic; episodic
C)procedural; explicit
D)explicit; procedural

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is related to specific events or personal experiences, while semantic memory involves the storage of general world knowledge.

Question 16

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
A)echoic memory
B)flash bulb memory
C)implicit memory
D)explicit memory

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memory refers to a highly detailed, exceptionally vivid 'snapshot' of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising and consequential (or emotionally arousing) news was heard.

Question 17

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding , storage and retrieval of information
A)memory
B)learning
C)serial position effect
D)semantic learning

Accepted Answer

Memory is the correct term for the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.

Question 18

Unconscious encoding of incidental information
A)effortful processing
B)rehearsal processing
C)chunking processing
D)automatic processing

Accepted Answer

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings, is known as automatic processing. This type of processing occurs without conscious effort or awareness.

Question 19

The most common effortful processing technique where information is repeated
A)mnemonics
B)recall
C)recognition
D)rehearsal

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is the process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about information to be remembered, making it a common effortful processing technique for encoding information into memory.

Question 20

Encoding information from its sound
A)iconic
B)echoic
C)semantic
D)recall

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory is specifically related to auditory information, where sounds are encoded based on their auditory properties.

Quiz 4: Memory and Problem Solving Techniques

Set of rules for structuring sentences is called

______ thinking goes from general principles to specific facts

A perceptual set that causes one to become hung up on wrong solutions or remain blind to alternatives is called

General 'mental short cuts' or quick decision making rules could be considered what type of problem solving strategy?

In order for something to be creative, it should be useful,

Creativity includes

Unconscious thought process involved in creative thinking is at work in this stage

Incoming sensory information must go through this sequence in order to be remembered

How to measure explicit memory?

The entry point of memory- the initial stage of the memory system in which all ofthe stimuli that bombard our senses are retained in their original sensory form for avery brief time

Rehearsal is the process of actively manipulating information so that it can be retained in memory. There are two main types of rehearsal, they are

The process of linking new information in a meaningful way with informationalready stored in memory or with other new information; to aid in its storage andretrieval from long term memory

The relatively permanent memory system that holds vast amount of information for a long period of time

Psychologists have distinguished between two types of long term memory storage. They are called

The declarative memory system that holds information about specific events orpersonal experiences; the declarative memory system that stores the information wehave about the world

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding , storage and retrieval of information

Unconscious encoding of incidental information

The most common effortful processing technique where information is repeated

Encoding information from its sound