Question 1

Which trait theorist suggested that there are sixteen pairs of source traits that represent the basic dimensions of personality?

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell suggested that there are sixteen pairs of source traits that represent the basic dimensions of personality, which he identified through factor analysis.

Question 2

Which trait theorist used factor analysis to determine that there are three dimensions of personality that he called extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism?

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck used factor analysis to identify three dimensions of personality: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.

Question 3

The "Big Five" personality dimensions demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

The "Big Five" personality dimensions, which include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, have been shown to be consistent across various procedures for evaluating personality and demonstrate cross-cultural consistency.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the trait approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

Trait approaches to personality are diverse and not all are basically the same. This diversity allows for a broad understanding of personality traits, but it means that saying all trait approaches are the same is incorrect and not an advantage of the trait approach.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT identified as a disadvantage of the trait approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

Trait approaches do allow for comparisons between individuals by quantifying personality traits, making it possible to compare the levels of a specific trait across different people.

Question 6

Dr. Robinson is a strict Skinnerian learning theorist. Most likely, she believes that the consistency in an individual's behaviour across situations is:

Accepted Answer

Skinnerian learning theory, also known as behaviorism, posits that behavior is learned through interactions with the environment, particularly through reinforcement and punishment, rather than being genetically determined or influenced by internal personality traits.

Question 7

What makes one person different from another? Which theorist below is CORRECTLY matched to a potential response to this question?

Accepted Answer

Each of these theorists offers a unique perspective on what makes individuals different from one another, and all are correctly matched to their respective theories. Skinner focuses on the history of reinforcement and punishment, Bandura emphasizes the role of expectations and observational learning, and Cattell discusses personality traits and dimensions as the basis of individual differences.

Question 8

Mrs. Linley is a middle school math teacher. She provides constant, consistent feedback on her students' math assignments. Mrs. Linley is trying to develop her students' self-

Accepted Answer

Providing constant, consistent feedback on students' assignments helps in developing their self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. This feedback helps students understand their strengths and areas for improvement, thereby enhancing their confidence in their math skills.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Both statements about self-esteem are true. Self-esteem is indeed multidimensional, encompassing various aspects of how we view ourselves, including but not limited to our abilities, appearance, and social status. Additionally, experiences of failure can perpetuate low self-esteem by reinforcing negative self-perceptions and beliefs.

Question 10

As compared to a Skinnerian learning theory approach to personality, the social cognitive approach places __________ emphasis on ____________.

Accepted Answer

The social cognitive approach places more emphasis on cognition, including thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and attitudes, in understanding and predicting human behavior, in contrast to Skinnerian learning theory, which focuses more on observable behaviors and the environmental factors that reinforce or punish these behaviors.

Question 11

The belief that your personality is the result of the influence of your unique thought, feelings, expectations, and values as well as your observations of others' behaviour is called the __________approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

The social-cognitive approach to personality emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, such as thinking and judging, in the development of personality. It suggests that our personality is shaped by how we interpret and react to our environment, including our observations of others' behaviors, as well as our own thoughts, feelings, and expectations.

Question 12

The degree to which a person assumes mastery and leadership roles in social situations is a trait known as__________.

Accepted Answer

Social potency is the trait that describes the degree to which a person assumes mastery and leadership roles in social situations. It reflects an individual's comfort and effectiveness in situations requiring leadership and influence over others.

Question 13

The tendency to follow authority is a trait known as

Accepted Answer

Traditionalism is the trait that involves a high regard for and obedience to authority and established social norms, which includes the tendency to follow authority.

Question 14

Which theories suggest that important components of personality are inherited?

Accepted Answer

Biological and evolutionary theories suggest that key aspects of personality are inherited. Biological theories focus on the physiological and genetic factors that influence personality, while evolutionary theories consider how personality traits may have been shaped by the evolutionary pressures faced by our ancestors.

Question 15

Which of the following traits does NOT have a strong genetic component?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following traits does NOT...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the humanistic approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (A, B, and C) are indeed criticisms that have been leveled against the humanistic approach to personality, making D the correct answer as it states that all these are criticisms.

Question 17

Which of the following are important criteria for evaluating the usefulness of tests?

Accepted Answer

Reliability and validity are fundamental criteria for evaluating the usefulness of tests. Reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results over time, and validity refers to the test's ability to measure what it is supposed to measure.

Question 18

An online personality test yields different scores each time Jenny takes it. The test is:

Accepted Answer

A test is considered reliable if it produces consistent results over time. Since Jenny's scores vary each time she takes the test, it is not reliable.

Question 19

According to your textbook, the original purpose of the MMPI-2 was to:

Accepted Answer

The original purpose of the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2) was to identify people with psychological difficulties, making it a tool primarily used in clinical settings for diagnostic purposes.

Question 20

According to your textbook, in addition to the original purpose of the MMPI-2, this test has also been found to:

Accepted Answer

The MMPI-2 has been found to predict some everyday behaviors, in addition to its original purpose of identifying psychological difficulties.

Quiz 11: Personality Theories and Criticisms: a Comprehensive Overview