Question 1

The case of Duke lacrosse players regarding an off-campus party with exotic
Dancers and allegations of rape demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

The case illustrates how the criminal justice system can sometimes show bias, but in this instance, it was against the accuser, who was a black woman, rather than the affluent white athletes. The athletes were initially presumed guilty by many, but the case was eventually found to be based on false allegations, highlighting complexities in how justice is administered across racial and class lines.

Question 2

Social deviance in sport is challenging for sport sociologists to study because:

Accepted Answer

What is considered normal or acceptable behavior within the context of sports can be viewed as deviant in other areas of society, making the study of social deviance in sports complex for sociologists.

Question 3

The concept of deviant underconformity is best illustrated by athletes who:

Accepted Answer

Deviant underconformity refers to actions that violate the norms or rules of the sport, often for personal gain or to deliberately alter the outcome of a competition. "Fixing" a game by intentionally performing poorly to benefit from gambling is a clear example of deviant underconformity, as it undermines the integrity of the sport.

Question 4

Deviant overconformity to the "Sport Ethic" among athletes is most likely to result from:

Accepted Answer

Deviant overconformity to the "Sport Ethic" among athletes often stems from their eagerness or desire to be accepted as serious athletes by their coaches and peers. This can lead them to adopt extreme behaviors or attitudes that align with the norms and values excessively celebrated within their sport culture.

Question 5

The information about hazing in athletics presented in the text and in this course indicated that hazing:

Accepted Answer

Hazing is often seen as a critical initiation ritual by participants, despite its potential harm, because it is believed to promote team unity and tradition.

Question 6

The concept of quasi-criminal violence is illustrated by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of quasi-criminal violence is illustrated...

Question 7

Which type of theoretical perspective would be most likely to lead to the conclusion that the discovery of deviant practices, such as an NBA referee betting on NBA games, is good for the league and sport because it increases the league's commitment to finding and punishing gamblers in the league?

Accepted Answer

Structural functionalist theory posits that every aspect of society serves a function, including deviance. In this perspective, the discovery of deviant practices like an NBA referee betting on games can be seen as beneficial because it reinforces the boundaries of acceptable behavior and strengthens the league's commitment to integrity and fairness by identifying and addressing gambling issues.

Question 8

An example of a social problem in sport that is predominantly a matter of social inequality rather than a matter of social deviance is:

Accepted Answer

Sexism in sports is predominantly a matter of social inequality as it involves unequal treatment or opportunities for individuals based on their gender. This contrasts with issues like steroid use, violence, and illegal gambling, which are more directly related to social deviance or the violation of societal norms.

Question 9

Soccer hooliganism:

Accepted Answer

Soccer hooliganism is recognized as a significant societal issue in Great Britain, where it has been associated with violent and disruptive behavior by fans, both within and outside of stadiums.

Question 10

Based on the CBC Sports Online report of prominent drug cases, we can conclude that:

Accepted Answer

Illegal performance-enhancing drugs have been used by athletes in big-time team sports and in big-time individual sports.

Question 11

Based on discussions in the text and in this course about substance abuse in sport, we can conclude that:

Accepted Answer

The Golden Triangle, which involves the relationship between sports, media, and sponsorship, can create pressure on athletes to perform at high levels, potentially encouraging the use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs to meet these expectations.

Question 12

According to discussion in the text and in this course about "social control" efforts regarding doping in sport:

Accepted Answer

Recent evidence has shown that a law enforcement investigative approach is more effective in identifying and discouraging doping cases than traditional drug testing methods. This approach can uncover sophisticated doping schemes that might not be detected through standard testing protocols.

Question 13

Discussions of gambling in sport in the text and in this course indicated that:

Accepted Answer

Certain elements of the Golden Triangle, which includes the media, sports, and sponsors, can promote sports gambling by increasing visibility and interest in sports events, thereby encouraging betting activities.

Question 14

Kreager's research about school sports, peer networks, and male adolescent violence, revealed that:

Accepted Answer

Kreager's research found that males whose friends were on the football team had a higher likelihood of being involved in serious fights, indicating the influence of peer networks associated with certain sports on male adolescent violence.

Question 15

Evidence about men's professional tennis players has indicated that:

Accepted Answer

Match fixing in men's professional tennis is more prevalent among lower-ranked players, primarily due to the financial pressures and lesser scrutiny they face compared to their top-ranked counterparts.

Question 16

The Barry Bonds and Michael Vick cases have demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

The cases of Barry Bonds and Michael Vick highlight that athletes can indeed face legal consequences not just for doping, but for statements they make about their doping activities. This is evident in the legal troubles faced by Bonds, where charges were not only about the act of doping but also about perjury and obstruction of justice related to statements made about his doping practices.

Question 17

A national survey regarding high school athletes and deviance reported by the Josephson Institute revealed that:

Accepted Answer

The survey indicated that athletes were less cynical about ethical issues and less inclined to steal compared to their nonathlete peers.

Question 18

A USA Today study of 168 sexual assault allegations against athletes over a 12-year period showed that:

Accepted Answer

The majority of the accused athletes were not charged, had the charges dropped, or were acquitted, indicating a significant challenge in the prosecution and conviction of sexual assault allegations against athletes.

Question 19

Evidence about doping and other forms of cheating in the Tour de France has shown that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence about doping and other forms of...

Question 20

A study about punishment of athletes in the NFL, NBA, NHL, and MLB between 1995 and 1999 that was cited in the text showed that:

Accepted Answer

DLeague officials were generally reluctant to impose severe penalties, indicating a tendency towards leniency, and in MLB, fines were more common than suspensions for fighting and intimidation, showing a preference for financial penalties over suspensions.

Quiz 8: Sport, Social Deviance, and Social Problems

The case of Duke lacrosse players regarding an off-campus party with exotic Dancers and allegations of rape demonstrates that: