Question 1

In the design of a research project within an organization, the case study approach involves:

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

The major perspectives within psychological thought can be classified as:

Accepted Answer

The major perspectives within psychological thought include the phenomenological approach, which focuses on individuals' subjective experiences; the psychoanalytical approach, which emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences; the cognitive approach, which studies mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving; and the behaviourist approach, which examines observable behaviors and their environmental determinants.

Question 3

Which of the following continues to be the most prominent school of thought in scientific psychology?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive school has become the most prominent school of thought in scientific psychology, focusing on understanding mental processes such as perception, memory, thought, and problem-solving.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a key landmark in the development of organizational psychology and behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Organizational analysis is a method or tool used within the field of organizational psychology and behavior, rather than a landmark development or theoretical approach like the systems approach, contingency approach, and principles of organization. These latter concepts represent foundational theories or perspectives that have significantly shaped the discipline.

Question 5

Scientific management was spearheaded by:

Accepted Answer

Scientific management, which focuses on improving economic efficiency and labor productivity through systematic study and analysis of work methods, was primarily developed by Frederick W. Taylor, and further contributions were made by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, and Henry Gantt.

Question 6

Which of the following belongs to the concept of bureaucracy?

Accepted Answer

Bureaucracy encompasses all these elements: technical competence, rules and procedures, and division of labor, making all the alternatives correct as part of the concept.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of the principles of organization put forward by authors such as Fayol and Urwick?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 8

Early approaches in organizational psychology are:

Accepted Answer

Early approaches in organizational psychology include scientific management, classical bureaucracy, and principles of organization, which focus on efficiency, structure, and formal rules.

Question 9

The Hawthorne studies combined the following two radical approaches from previ-ous industrial psychology:

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies marked a significant shift towards understanding the socio-emotional aspects of work and how workers' attitudes could mediate the relationship between their work environment and their responses or behaviors. This approach was innovative in focusing on the psychological and social dynamics of the workplace, rather than just the physical or economic conditions.

Question 10

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect is the phenomenon where individuals alter their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. This was observed in studies conducted at the Hawthorne Works plant, where researchers found that workers' productivity changed simply because they knew they were being studied, not necessarily due to any specific changes in their working conditions.

Question 11

The neo-human relations movement differs from the human relations movement in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The neo-human relations movement differs from the...

Question 12

The scientific method is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The scientific method is characterized by:
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Question 13

In an experiment:

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the one that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Question 14

Experiments are conducted in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experiments are conducted in:
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Question 15

The following research method is not of an explanatory nature:

Accepted Answer

Descriptive surveys are designed to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. They do not establish cause-and-effect relationships, which are typical of explanatory research methods. Observational studies, experiments, and case studies can be used to explore and explain relationships or effects, making them of an explanatory nature.

Question 16

External validity concerns:

Accepted Answer

External validity is about the generalizability of research findings beyond the specific context in which the study was conducted. It addresses whether the results can be applied to other settings, populations, and times.

Question 17

Action research could be defined as:

Accepted Answer

Action research involves applying the scientific method to practical problems that need solutions, focusing on iterative testing and problem-solving in real-world applications.

Question 18

The focus of organizational psychology is on:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The focus of organizational psychology is on:
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Question 19

The cognitive approach is most closely related to:

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach focuses on how we think, perceive, and solve problems, which aligns closely with the phenomenological approach that emphasizes individual perception and experience.

Question 20

Which approach to psychology is the most appropriate when analysing unconscious forces in the minds of key players in a hostile takeover situation whereby one com-pany makes a bid for another?

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytical approach is most appropriate for analyzing unconscious forces, as it focuses on how these unseen aspects of the mind influence behavior and decision-making, which would be relevant in understanding the motivations behind a hostile takeover.

Quiz 1: Historical Influences and Research Methodology