Question 1

People who participate in programs that offer a temporary right to work but have limited long-term rights and privileges are called:
A) guest workers.
B) professional immigrants.
C) pro bono workers.
D) labor union workers.

Accepted Answer

Guest workers are individuals who are granted temporary permission to work in a foreign country, but have limited long-term rights and privileges. These workers are often employed in low-skilled and low-wage jobs, and may face significant obstacles such as language and cultural barriers, lack of legal protections, and exploitation by employers. In contrast, professional immigrants typically have more permanent rights and privileges, such as the ability to apply for citizenship or bring family members to the country, and are often highly skilled and educated. Pro bono workers are individuals who provide free or reduced-cost services to those in need, and labor union workers are employees who belong to a collective bargaining unit and negotiate for better wages and working conditions.

Question 2

How do anthropologists define refugees?
A) people granted the right to work as migrants for a limited time due to economic hardship
B) people who move in search of low-skill and low-wage jobs that native-born workers will not fill
C) professional individuals forced to migrate due to changing needs in their home country
D) people who have been forced to move beyond their national borders due to natural disasters, political or religious persecution, or violence

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists define refugees as people who have been forced to move beyond their national borders due to natural disasters, political or religious persecution, or violence. This definition aligns with the commonly accepted international legal definition of a refugee.

Question 3

Although globalization has produced increased flows of money, information, and goods, barriers to the flow of people are difficult to overcome. What is one of the principal barriers that migrants must overcome?
A) a high degree of regulation and immigration inspectors at borders
B) bribes for border patrol agents needed to allow passage
C) hometown associations attempting to block migrants from relocating to their communities
D) governments placing high excise taxes on migrants over the age of fifty-five

Accepted Answer

One of the principal barriers that migrants must overcome is the high degree of regulation and immigration inspectors at borders. Government regulations and immigration policies can make it difficult for migrants to legally enter and stay in a country, and the presence of border patrol agents and inspection booths can make crossing borders more challenging and time-consuming. Some migrants may resort to undocumented or illegal means of crossing borders to avoid these barriers.

Question 4

Gobind does not like his job in New Delhi. Instead of seeking a new job in India, he applies to a masters program in the United States, where there are more jobs in his field. After graduating, he is hired by a company in New York City. Educational and employment opportunities can be characterized as:
A) factors that pushed Gobind to leave India.
B) factors that pulled Gobind to the United States.
C) bridges that allow immigrants like Gobind to work in the United States for a short time.
D) barriers that prevent immigrants like Gobind from entering the United States.

Accepted Answer

Gobind's decision to attend a masters program in the United States and seek employment there suggests that he was drawn to the opportunities available in the United States. Therefore, educational and employment opportunities can be characterized as factors that pulled Gobind to the United States.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about human migration is true?
A) The United Nations estimates that three in four people migrate to a new country each year.
B) Saudi Arabia sends more than two million people abroad to work each year.
C) Only 3 percent of the world's population moves beyond national borders.
D) The last thirty years has had one of the lowest rates of migration in human history.

Accepted Answer

According to the International Organization for Migration, only 3 percent of the world's population moves beyond national borders, making this statement the most accurate. Choices A and B are false statements as the United Nations does not estimate three in four people migrate each year and Saudi Arabia does not send more than two million people abroad each year. Choice D is also false as there have been higher rates of migration in human history, such as during the Age of Exploration and colonization periods.

Question 6

What is one of the prices that guest workers usually must pay in order to find work in other countries?
A) their children being subject to trafficking
B) having their passports held during their employment
C) bribes to officials in order to move across the border
D) denial of long-term rights and privileges

Accepted Answer

Guest workers often face denial of long-term rights and privileges, as they are typically granted temporary work visas without the benefits of permanent residency or citizenship.

Question 7

Which generation of young Dominicans studied by Ana Aparicio in New York have been able to negotiate their identity situationally, often shifting between categories of black, Latino, Dominican, and people of color?
A) second
B) first
C) "1.5"
D) "lost"

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which generation of young Dominicans studied by...

Question 8

Which of the following best describes entrepreneurial immigrants?
A) immigrants who move to start businesses and conduct trade
B) immigrants who move to take low-skill and low-wage jobs that others will not fill
C) immigrants who fill labor shortages for middle-class and skilled occupations
D) immigrants granted the right to work for a limited time but without long-term rights and privileges

Accepted Answer

Entrepreneurial immigrants are individuals who move to a new country specifically to start or expand a business, or to engage in trade. They are often highly skilled and are willing to take risks to pursue their ambitions.

Question 9

What is one of the primary motivations for labor immigrants?
A) better living conditions despite lower wages for the same job
B) better wages than they find in other countries
C) better educational opportunities
D) improvements in basic human rights

Accepted Answer

The primary motivation for labor immigrants is usually to find better wages than they can find in their home countries. They are often willing to work for lower wages than native workers in the host country because these wages are still higher than what they would earn at home.

Question 10

According to the author, new immigrants in greater Los Angeles are primarily employed as factory workers and as ________.
A) nannies and housekeepers
B) farmhands on industrial farms
C) workers in California's technology industries
D) managerial assistants in urban areas

Accepted Answer

The author states that new immigrants in greater Los Angeles are primarily employed as factory workers and as nannies and housekeepers.

Question 11

Nawal studied medicine at her university in Egypt. Although she can work as a doctor in Egypt, she is enticed by the high wages and opportunities offered in other countries. What term refers to the phenomenon of many skilled professionals like Nawal leaving their country of origin?
A) prestige economies
B) entrepreneurial immigration
C) brain drain
D) head hunting

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the phenomenon of skilled professionals like Nawal leaving their country of origin is "brain drain". Option A, "prestige economies", refers to countries that prioritize high status occupations and industries. Option B, "entrepreneurial immigration", refers to individuals who move to another country to start their own business. Option D, "head hunting", refers to the practice of actively seeking out and recruiting highly skilled individuals for employment.

Question 12

Many inhabitants from a small city in Brazil have migrated to New York. Young students in the city learn English and most of them plan to move to New York City one day. What term might anthropologists use to describe how several factors have created a culture in which migration has become a way of life?
A) hometown association
B) brain drain
C) bridges and barriers
D) cumulative causation

Accepted Answer

Cumulative causation refers to a process in which several factors compound over time to create a particular cultural pattern or practice. In this case, the factors that have led to a culture of migration in this small city in Brazil could include economic opportunities in New York, social networks that facilitate migration, and a history of migration within families and communities. This pattern has become self-reinforcing, as more and more people move to New York, creating a larger network of support for future migrants.

Question 13

Despite the possibility of losing economic and professional status following migration, what is one of the major advantages that, according to the author, professional Indian migrants have in the United States?
A) excellent credentials
B) high ambitions
C) strong connections to banking institutions in the United States
D) strong social networks

Accepted Answer

Professional Indian migrants often benefit from strong social networks in the United States, which can help them navigate and succeed in their new environment despite other challenges.

Question 14

People migrate for many different reasons, including to take advantage of emerging economic opportunities. What term do anthropologists use to describe this kind of positive reason to migrate?
A) assimilation
B) push
C) displacement
D) pull

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists use the term "pull" to describe positive reasons that attract people to migrate, such as emerging economic opportunities.

Question 15

What is the term used to describe people who have been forced to migrate because of violence, religious persecution, or disasters but stay within their own countries?
A) labor migrants
B) internally displaced persons
C) transnational refugees
D) guest workers

Accepted Answer

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are people who have been forced to leave their homes or communities but remain within the borders of their own country. This is usually due to violence, conflicts, human rights violations, natural disasters, or other reasons that disrupt their lives and safety. Unlike refugees who flee across international borders seeking protection and assistance, IDPs are often overlooked and forgotten by their own governments and the international community. They face many challenges in accessing basic needs such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare, as well as education and employment opportunities. The number of IDPs globally is estimated to be over 40 million.

Question 16

Although they are typically highly trained individuals, ________ migrants often face downward mobility in destination countries because they cannot obtain the credentials necessary to work. 
A) guest worker
B) labor
C) internally displaced
D) professional

Accepted Answer

The phrase "highly trained individuals" suggests that these migrants have professional skills, indicating that the correct option is D) professional. The other options, such as guest worker and labor, do not necessarily require advanced training or professional qualifications.

Question 17

What do we call the economic resources that are transferred from migrants to family members or institutions in their country of origin?
A) smuggling
B) remittances
C) transactions
D) economic diversification

Accepted Answer

Remittances are transfers of money or economic resources from migrants to family members or institutions in their country of origin. Smuggling refers to the illegal movement of goods or people, while transactions and economic diversification are not directly related to this concept.

Question 18

Migrants often send economic resources back to their countries of origin. What important role do these resources play?
A) supporting families and stimulating economic growth in local (origin) communities
B) financing health insurance for nonmigrants
C) specifying who and who cannot migrate
D) contributing to the tax base of destination countries

Accepted Answer

Remittances sent by migrants to their countries of origin play an important role in supporting the families of migrants and stimulating economic growth in local communities. They are often used for basic necessities such as food, shelter, and education, and can also be invested in small businesses or other economic opportunities. This helps to reduce poverty, promote development, and create jobs in origin countries.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes how anthropologists conceptualize migration as a "gendered" process?
A) Low-wage informal labor by Latina women has virtually no effect on their families in Mexico.
B) Migration by women has forced family members to adjust to shifting gender roles and family patterns.
C) Men continue to make up the majority of immigrants in all receiving countries except Canada.
D) Women migrants are generally unable to enhance their economic and social status.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists conceptualize migration as a "gendered" process because migration by women has forced family members to adjust to shifting gender roles and family patterns. This means that women's migration has an impact not only on themselves but also on their families and communities, as traditional roles and expectations may be challenged and renegotiated. This highlights how gender shapes and is shaped by migration processes.

Question 20

According to the author, what do Indian immigrants in Dubai often experience?
A) complete acceptance by the local population in Dubai
B) human rights violations
C) an easy path to full citizenship
D) access to extensive guest worker programs

Accepted Answer

The author states that Indian immigrants in Dubai often experience human rights violations.

Quiz 13: Migration

People who participate in programs that offer a temporary right to work but have limited long-term rights and privileges are called:

How do anthropologists define refugees?

Although globalization has produced increased flows of money, information, and goods, barriers to the flow of people are difficult to overcome. What is one of the principal barriers that migrants must overcome?

Which of the following statements about human migration is true?

What is one of the prices that guest workers usually must pay in order to find work in other countries?

Which generation of young Dominicans studied by Ana Aparicio in New York have been able to negotiate their identity situationally, often shifting between categories of black, Latino, Dominican, and people of color?

Which of the following best describes entrepreneurial immigrants?

What is one of the primary motivations for labor immigrants?

According to the author, new immigrants in greater Los Angeles are primarily employed as factory workers and as ________.

Nawal studied medicine at her university in Egypt. Although she can work as a doctor in Egypt, she is enticed by the high wages and opportunities offered in other countries. What term refers to the phenomenon of many skilled professionals like Nawal leaving their country of origin?

Despite the possibility of losing economic and professional status following migration, what is one of the major advantages that, according to the author, professional Indian migrants have in the United States?

People migrate for many different reasons, including to take advantage of emerging economic opportunities. What term do anthropologists use to describe this kind of positive reason to migrate?

What is the term used to describe people who have been forced to migrate because of violence, religious persecution, or disasters but stay within their own countries?

Although they are typically highly trained individuals, ________ migrants often face downward mobility in destination countries because they cannot obtain the credentials necessary to work.

What do we call the economic resources that are transferred from migrants to family members or institutions in their country of origin?

Migrants often send economic resources back to their countries of origin. What important role do these resources play?

Which of the following best describes how anthropologists conceptualize migration as a "gendered" process?

According to the author, what do Indian immigrants in Dubai often experience?