Question 1

In the UK there are strict limits on the length of time people can be held in
Immigration detention centres.

Accepted Answer

In the UK, unlike many other countries, there is no statutory time limit on how long individuals can be held in immigration detention. This means people can be detained indefinitely for the purposes of immigration control.

Question 2

Why are criminologists now (rather belatedly) interested in terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Criminologists are interested in terrorism due to the interconnectedness of domestic and international security, the evolving role of the state in maintaining order, and the influence of international security issues on domestic policing strategies.

Question 3

What are the criticisms of traditional criminology's lack of attention to state crime?

Accepted Answer

Traditional criminology has been criticized for concentrating on the crimes committed by less powerful individuals (street crimes) while neglecting the more systemic and potentially more harmful crimes committed by those in positions of power, such as state crimes or corporate crimes (crimes of the suites). This oversight is seen as a significant limitation in understanding the full spectrum of criminal behavior and its impacts on society.

Question 4

How can the topic of 'Human Rights' be described?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

What were the two primary reasons given by Lord Irvine (2004) for the European Convention on Human Rights to take half a century be incorporated into British domestic law via the Human Rights Act 1998?

Accepted Answer

Lord Irvine argued that democracy and political accountability were seen as sufficient protections for citizens' rights, and incorporating the European Convention on Human Rights into British law was resisted because it was believed to undermine parliamentary sovereignty.

Question 6

What does it mean to say that globalisation is 'the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa' (Giddens, 1990: 64)?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

What evidence is there of asylum seekers and refugees in the UK creating tensions?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

How did the end of the Cold War lead to the emergence of a privatised military industry?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Why is the term genocide open to dispute?

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

How is the term 'globalisation' used in everyday language?

Accepted Answer

The term 'globalisation' is commonly used to describe all of the mentioned aspects: changes giving the feel of a shrinking world, faster internationalised communications, greater movement of people and goods, and a perceived reduction in the importance of national boundaries. It is used to refer to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the economies, societies, and cultures of the world.

Question 11

In terms of methods, has globalisation said to have shifted the nature of terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Globalisation has facilitated access to new technological advances and weapons, which terrorists can use to carry out attacks more efficiently and with potentially greater impact. This shift in the nature of terrorism is attributed to the ease of sharing and accessing information and resources globally.

Question 12

From 2005 house arrest was one of the restrictions placed upon people in the UK subject to control orders.

Accepted Answer

House arrest was one of the restrictions placed upon people in the UK subject to control orders from 2005.

Question 13

The definition of state crime includes the excessive use of violence by the police in urban ghettoes.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

International law has, at its heart, the idea of state sovereignty.

Accepted Answer

International law recognizes and upholds state sovereignty as a core principle. States are considered the primary actors in international law and are responsible for upholding their own legal obligations while respecting the sovereignty of other states.

Question 15

The Universal Declaration on Human Rights did not impose legal obligations on states, but rather standards toward which they were expected to aspire as an 'intentionally unenforceable, self-consciously a mission statement for humanity'.

Accepted Answer

The Universal Declaration on Human Rights was not binding in a legal sense, but was meant to serve as a moral guide for nations to uphold human rights. It was intentionally non-enforceable, and more of a statement of principles and aspirations for humanity.

Question 16

Give one reason, in terms of nation states, why globalisation is important to criminologists.

Accepted Answer

Globalisation has consequences for the organisation of policing and criminal justice because cross-border criminal activity becomes more prevalent, and international cooperation is required to effectively combat it. The increased movement of people, goods, and ideas across national borders also affects the ways in which crimes are committed and detected. Therefore, criminologists must understand the impact of globalisation on the criminal justice system and how it can be managed effectively.

Question 17

Give one reason why criminologists talk about globalisation affecting crime.

Accepted Answer

Globalization opens up new opportunities for crime due to increased communication, transportation, and economic opportunities. Criminal organizations operate across borders and use technology to their advantage, making it difficult for governments to keep up with and control crime.

Question 18

Why is the concept of 'protecting our borders' an illustration of globalisation-induced insecurities?

Accepted Answer

The concept of protecting our borders reflects the insecurities caused by globalization, as there are growing concerns about new patterns of migration that may threaten the economic or cultural stability of the nation. This can create the perception that other countries and cultures are a threat to our own, and lead to policies that seek to restrict or regulate the movement of people across borders.

Question 19

Why do critical criminologists question the role of the state as a guarantor of security?

Accepted Answer

Critical criminologists question the role of the state as a guarantor of security because the state can also act in illegal ways, such as using violence against citizens or engaging in corrupt practices. Critical criminologists argue that rather than protecting citizens, the state often serves the interests of the powerful and wealthy.

Question 20

Discussing criminology and human rights, what are the three major gaps identified by Stan Cohen (1993)?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 35: Green Criminology

In the UK there are strict limits on the length of time people can be held in Immigration detention centres.