Question 1

A second trend occurring with growth and development of the infant states that development is proximodistal. This means:

Accepted Answer

Proximodistal growth means that growth and development occur from the center of the body outwards, so gross motor movements (such as control of the trunk) develop before fine motor movements (such as precise finger movements).

Question 2

According to Freud, what is the name given to the part of the mind that represents one's conscience?

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the mind that represents one's conscience according to Freud. It is responsible for regulating morality and social standards.

Question 3

The mother of a 6-month-old infant asks the nurse at a community health center what she should do about her baby, who always wants to put everything in his mouth. What would be an appropriate response by the nurse, based on Freud's theory?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months of age, during which the mouth is the primary source of pleasure and exploration. It is developmentally appropriate for infants to put things in their mouth as a way to explore their environment and satisfy their oral needs. Option A is incorrect because it is not helpful and may cause unnecessary concern for the mother. Option B is not necessary because oral exploration is a normal part of infant development. Option D is incorrect because oral exploration typically occurs in the first year of life.

Question 4

A 10-year-old boy tells his mother that he is going to be just like his father when he grows up. According to Freud, what stage of development is this child experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 10-year-old boy tells his mother that...

Question 5

Based on Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what type of activities would a nurse recommend to parents of children in the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

In the preoperational stage, which occurs between ages 2 and 7, children are developing symbolic thought and language skills. They engage in pretend play and create imaginary scenarios, which helps them build their cognitive abilities. Therefore, the nurse would recommend play activities that allow them to use their imaginations and practice their language skills. Options B, C, and D are not as relevant to Piaget's theory of cognitive development in this stage.

Question 6

A nurse is teaching a 7-year old diabetic child who is in Piaget's concrete operational stage about insulin injections. Based on Piaget's theory, what would be the nurse's best method of preparation for this child?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's concrete operational stage, children in this age group learn best through hands-on experiences and concrete examples. Therefore, demonstrating the procedure on a teddy bear would be the most appropriate method of preparation for this child. Showing a video or giving a pamphlet to read may be too abstract for this age group, and explaining in detail may be overwhelming without a concrete example to help them understand.

Question 7

Using Erikson's theory, which of the following activities would the nurse use to provide a sense of fulfillment and purpose in later adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using Erikson's theory, which of the following...

Question 8

Based on Havighurst's theory, which of the following is one of the developmental tasks of middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Adjusting to physical changes is one of the developmental tasks of middle adulthood according to Havighurst's theory. This period involves adapting to changes in physical capabilities and health.

Question 9

Gould's theory of transformation in adults included which developmental phase for those ages 50 to 60?

Accepted Answer

Gould's theory of adult development suggests that individuals aged 50 to 60 often experience increased self-approval and acceptance, reflecting a phase of coming to terms with one's life and achievements.

Question 10

Levinson and associates based their theory on individual life structure, patterned at any point in time by the interaction of three components. Which one of the following is not a component of this theory?

Accepted Answer

The three components of Levinson's theory are self, social and cultural aspects, and an individualized set of roles. Degree of wellness is not a component of this theory.

Question 11

In which of Gilligan's stages does acceptance by others become critical, with the ability to protect and care for others seen as the defining characteristic of female goodness?

Accepted Answer

In Gilligan's stage theory, Level 2 is characterized by the desire to be a "good" person, with acceptance by others being critical to one's sense of self-worth. The defining characteristic of female goodness in this stage is the ability to protect and care for others, which is seen as the primary measure of moral maturity. This contrasts with Level 1, where the focus is on individual survival and fulfillment of personal needs, and Level 3, where the focus is on maintaining interpersonal relationships and avoiding harm to others. Level 4 is characterized by an orientation towards the greater good and social justice, and a willingness to challenge societal norms and values if they are found to be unjust.

Question 12

According to Fowler's theory, who or what initiates the development of faith in the infant?

Accepted Answer

According to Fowler's theory, the development of faith in the infant is initiated by the primary caregivers, who serve as models for the child's understanding and experience of their own faith.

Question 13

A nurse wants to teach children about oral health. Based on Piaget's theory, to what age group would it be most appropriate to teach this topic?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, third and fourth graders are in the Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7 to 11). This stage is characterized by the development of logical thought, less egocentric thinking, and an increase in the ability to conserve and understand the concept of reversibility. Children in this age group can grasp concrete information and logical rules, making it an appropriate time to teach them about oral health.

Question 14

Using Erikson's theory, a nurse asks a young adult questions about family, friends, and support systems. Why is this important during assessments of adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory suggests that during young adulthood, individuals face the challenge of forming intimate relationships. Failure to do so can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation, which is why assessing a young adult's support systems is crucial.

Question 15

During a health history, a middle-aged man tells the nurse, "I will always take care of my children because my parents took care of me." Based on Kohlberg's theory, what level of moral development is the man demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

The man is exhibiting conventional moral development, where he is motivated to uphold societal norms and rules, such as taking care of one's family.

Question 16

Which of the following is an important role for the nurse when incorporating principles and theories of growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Providing developmentally challenging environments and experiences is an important role for the nurse when incorporating principles and theories of growth and development. This allows children to explore their surroundings, learn new skills, and develop their cognitive, physical, and social abilities.

Question 17

A patient asks to see his medical record (chart). How would the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should respect the patient's right to access their medical records and provide them with privacy to review it. This is in accordance with HIPAA regulations and the nurse should not discourage the patient from wanting to review their own health information. Option A and B are incorrect because a doctor's order or hospital policy is not required for a patient to access their records. Option D is incorrect because it disregards the patient's right to be informed about their own health status.

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of the patient record?

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose of the patient record is communication. It serves as a means of communication between healthcare providers and helps ensure continuity of care. The record contains important information about the patient's medical history, diagnoses, treatments, and medications that can be shared among healthcare providers to ensure that the patient receives appropriate care. While patient records can also be used for advocacy, research, and education purposes, their primary purpose is communication.

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of focus charting?

Accepted Answer

The primary purpose of focus charting is to document patient concerns and their responses to interventions. It focuses on the patient's current status rather than past medical history or nursing diagnoses. Expected outcomes are also documented, but they are secondary to the patient's concerns.

Question 20

Which of the following information would a nurse include as part of a minimum data set when using electronic medical records? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The minimum data set for electronic medical records typically includes basic patient information such as patient sex (A), patient admission date (B), patient insurance details (D), and patient ethnicity (F) to ensure standardized collection of core data across healthcare settings.

Quiz 13: Developmental Concepts; and Documenting, Reporting, and Conferring