Question 1

Wilson goes to a training where he is trained about customer service skills. The trainer also explains why different approaches to customer service are used in order to improve training transfer. This approach is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Transfer through principles involves teaching the underlying principles or concepts behind tasks so that learners can apply the knowledge in various situations, which is what the trainer is doing by explaining different approaches to customer service to improve training transfer.

Question 2

Bezrukova et al. (2016) found that diversity training is most effective when there are other diversity initiatives in place, when the training focuses on both awareness and skills development, and when it is conducted over a period of time.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are true according to Bezrukova et al. (2016). Diversity training is most effective when it is conducted over a period of time and focuses on both awareness and skills development. It is also most effective when there are other diversity initiatives in place in the organization, which suggests that a comprehensive approach to diversity and inclusion is likely to have the greatest impact.

Question 3

A recent review of the diversity training literature (Roberson, 2019) suggests that

Accepted Answer

The review suggests that a training needs assessment is necessary for effective diversity training, indicating that it should be tailored to the specific organization. The review does not suggest that diversity training is effective in nearly all organizations (A) or that it does not work in most US corporations (B). Additionally, the review does not recommend evaluating diversity training primarily with criteria such as financial performance (D).

Question 4

A meta-analysis by Bauer et al. (2007) showed that organizational newcomers can help themselves by ______.

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis showed that organizational newcomers can help themselves by showing early success on the job, which can help them gain confidence and reduce uncertainty. While seeking feedback from others can be helpful, too much feedback can actually increase uncertainty and anxiety. Building positive relationships with coworkers is also important, but focusing too much on relationships at the expense of job performance can be detrimental. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 5

Employee training may be covered by the Uniform Guidelines if _____.

Accepted Answer

If the employee training is considered a selection procedure, it may be subject to the Uniform Guidelines. Selection procedures are methods used to make employment decisions, such as hiring, promotion, and termination. Therefore, if the employee training is a method used to make employment decisions, it may fall under the purview of the Uniform Guidelines. Option B is not necessarily true, as not all diversity training may be considered selection procedures. Option C may be relevant but is not specific to the Uniform Guidelines. Option D is incorrect, as the Uniform Guidelines cover all employment-related decisions, not just hiring.

Question 6

There is an increasing interest in "gamified" training because _____.

Accepted Answer

Gamification is believed to increase learner motivation and engagement, making training more effective and enjoyable.

Question 7

A type of e-learning that presents the learner with small "bites" of information is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

Microlearning is a style of e-learning that delivers content in small, focused chunks. This approach recognizes that learners have limited attention spans and benefit from receiving information in bite-sized portions instead of sitting through longer, detailed content. The other options (mobile device training, gamified learning, and learning by analytics) do not specifically refer to this style of e-learning delivery.

Question 8

When people take on workplace training for themselves outside of classrooms or learning apps, this is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

Informal field-based learning refers to employees taking the initiative to learn and develop skills on their own outside of formal training programs or structured learning environments. It is a type of self-directed learning and can occur through various methods such as observation, trial and error, and self-study. On-the-job training (B) is a type of formal training provided by an employer while programmed instruction (C) refers to a specific type of self-paced learning where the learner progresses through pre-determined modules or units. Employee development (D) is a broad term that encompasses all types of learning and training for the purpose of improving an employee's skills, knowledge, and abilities.

Question 9

Which of the following are ways in which sophisticated analytics can be used to enhance workplace training?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are true. Using sophisticated analytics can provide many benefits to workplace training, including quickly assessing training needs, providing feedback on effectiveness, and recommending personalized training content. This can help employers optimize their training programs to meet the unique needs and goals of their employees.

Question 10

One of the most sophisticated training evaluation designs, which may be impractical in most organizational settings, is the ____.

Accepted Answer

The Solomon 4-group design is considered one of the most sophisticated training evaluation designs, but it may be impractical in most organizational settings because it requires a large sample size and is time-consuming and expensive to implement.

Question 11

Programmed instruction refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

Programmed instruction is a form of training that is presented as a series of modules, with trainees required to master the content of each module before moving on to the next one. This approach is often used in computer-based training programs.

Question 12

Machine simulators are often used to train airline pilots because ____.

Accepted Answer

Simulators are realistic but safer than on-the-job training, which is why they are often used to train airline pilots.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of lectures?

Accepted Answer

Lectures are effective for communicating verbal information to large numbers of people. While they may not be the most interactive or engaging training method, they can be useful in certain contexts such as academic lectures or corporate training sessions. Additionally, lectures can be combined with other training methods to create a more well-rounded and effective learning experience.

Question 14

Kirkpatrick's framework for evaluating trainings is rarely used by today's organizations.

Accepted Answer

Kirkpatrick's framework is still widely used by organizations today as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of their training programs.

Question 15

The organization analysis process includes identifying a broad set of organizational issues that may affect training effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

The organization analysis process involves identifying a range of organizational issues that could impact the effectiveness of training programs. This step is crucial in ensuring that training addresses the specific needs and goals of the organization.

Question 16

Training goals should be developed after the organization, job, and person analysis.

Accepted Answer

Training goals should be based on the information gathered from the organization, job, and person analysis to ensure they are relevant and specific to the training needs of the individual or group.

Question 17

Individuals with a performance goal orientation are better at learning training material.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a performance goal orientation tend to focus more on the outcome or end result rather than the process of learning. This can actually hinder their ability to learn and retain training material compared to individuals with a learning goal orientation who focus on the process of learning and gaining knowledge.

Question 18

Over-learning might be particularly important for certain jobs, such as tasks that must be done under stress.

Accepted Answer

Over-learning can improve performance under stress and in high-pressure situations, making it particularly important for certain jobs that require such conditions.

Question 19

Pre-experimental designs are the strongest type of training evaluation designs.

Accepted Answer

Pre-experimental designs are actually the weakest type of training evaluation designs as they lack a control group.

Question 20

Research demonstrates that gamification of training ensures the best transfer of training.

Accepted Answer

While gamification can enhance engagement and motivation in training, research does not conclusively demonstrate that it ensures the best transfer of training across all contexts or for all learners. The effectiveness of gamification depends on various factors including the design of the game elements, the learners' characteristics, and the context in which the training is applied.

Quiz 8: Training and Development