Question 1

In an attempt to demonstrate to the United States his independence from the Soviet Union, in 1972 Sadat expelled from Egypt 20,000 members of the Soviet military mission.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Sadat's expulsion of the Soviet military mission was meant to signal his willingness to pursue a more independent foreign policy and distance himself from the Soviet Union.

Question 2

The October War demonstrated that as long as the Arab-Israeli conflict persisted, the potential for superpower conflict was present.

Accepted Answer

The October War, also known as the Yom Kippur War, saw the Soviet Union support Egypt and Syria while the United States supported Israel. This resulted in a tense stand-off between the two superpowers, highlighting the potential for conflict between them in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Question 3

The Taif Accord recognized the changed composition of the Lebanese population and, accordingly, rearranged power sharing within parliament among Lebanon's main religious communities.

Accepted Answer

The Taif Accord, signed in 1989, recognized the changing demographics of Lebanon's population and restructured the power sharing within parliament among the main religious communities. It aimed to end the country's 15-year civil war and promote a more equitable distribution of political power.

Question 4

One of the main causes of the Lebanese Civil War was that Muslims believed they did not have their fair share of power in the Lebanese parliament.

Accepted Answer

This is one of the factors that contributed to the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. Muslims felt marginalized and underrepresented in the political system, which was dominated by Christian politicians.

Question 5

Sabra and Shatila were the two militant organizations created by the dispossessed Shi'a community in Lebanon in the decade following the Israeli invasion.

Accepted Answer

Sabra and Shatila were not militant organizations, but rather Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon where a massacre took place in 1982.

Question 6

__________________, specifically its production and availability, was a major incentive for Washington's intensive efforts to seek a peaceful settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________, specifically its production and availability, was...

Question 7

Sayyid Qutb believed that once governments ceased to base their legislation on the shari'ah, they were __________________, ignorant of Islam.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sayyid Qutb believed that once governments ceased...

Question 8

__________________, Sadat's vice president, became the third president of Egypt in 1981.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________, Sadat's vice president, became the third...

Question 9

The Islamist group called __________________ took over southern Lebanon after the Israelis established a military presence there.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Islamist group called __________________ took over...

Question 10

Although the Egyptian regime prohibited any religious organization from becoming a recognized political party, some members of the __________________ gained parliamentary seats by running as independents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although the Egyptian regime prohibited any religious...

Question 11

How can the October 1973 War be considered an "instrument of diplomacy" for Egypt?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can the October 1973 War be...

Question 12

Provide some of the reasons for greater US involvement in Middle East peacekeeping after October 1973.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide some of the reasons for greater...

Question 13

In what ways did the religious resurgence in Egypt differ from that in Iran?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways did the religious resurgence...

Question 14

What was Begin's goal in invading Lebanon in 1982?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was Begin's goal in invading Lebanon...

Question 15

Why did Sadat seek to break the diplomatic stalemate with Israel?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did Sadat seek to break the...

Question 16

In what way did al-Infitah undermine the principles of the Egyptian revolution?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what way did al-Infitah undermine the...

Question 17

Briefly explain how the implementation of al-Infitah might be seen as connected with changing regional and international relations for Egypt?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain how the implementation of al-Infitah...

Question 18

Why and how did Sadat's treatment of the Muslim Brotherhood differ from that of Nasser?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why and how did Sadat's treatment of...

Question 19

How did the Muslim Brotherhood fare under Mubarak? Briefly describe the trajectory of political Islam during this period.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did the Muslim Brotherhood fare under...

Question 20

Briefly describe the effects the Lebanon war had on the PLO.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the effects the Lebanon war...

Quiz 19: Changing Patterns of War and Peace: Egypt and Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s