Question 1

The research on sex and cultural differences in self-esteem has primarily disputed which of the following claims?
A) Caucasian men and women do not differ in reported levels of self-esteem.
B) Caucasians report the highest levels of self-esteem of any ethnic group in the U.S.
C) On the whole, Native Americans report lower levels of self-esteem than Caucasians.
D) Differences in self-esteem among various ethnic groups tend to be modest.

Accepted Answer

The research on sex and cultural differences in self-esteem has primarily disputed the claim that Caucasians report the highest levels of self-esteem of any ethnic group in the U.S. In fact, studies have found that the differences in self-esteem among various ethnic groups tend to be modest, and that there is not a significant difference in reported levels of self-esteem between Caucasian men and women. Additionally, studies suggest that Native Americans may report lower levels of self-esteem than Caucasians.

Question 2

When we evaluate our own merits with respect to certain reference groups, we are engaging in a process known as:
A) self-esteem maintenance
B) social comparison
C) the looking-glass self
D) impression formation

Accepted Answer

Social comparison is the process of evaluating ourselves in relation to others. We compare ourselves to reference groups in order to determine our own abilities, skills, and values. This process can contribute to the development of self-esteem and can also influence our behaviors and attitudes. The other options (A, C, and D) are not accurate descriptions of this process.

Question 3

Your own understanding of who you are as a person comprises your:
A) face
B) image
C) reference group
D) self-concept

Accepted Answer

Self-concept is the collection of beliefs and feelings about ourselves that we have, including our own values, personality traits, inner reflections, and experiences. It is our perception of ourselves and how we think others perceive us. Therefore, it is the best choice among the given options.

Question 4

One of the ways we figure out who we are is by seeing who others think we are. The term for that process is:
A) social comparison
B) reflected appraisal
C) personality
D) evaluative assessment

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisal refers to the process of figuring out who we are by seeing who others think we are. Social comparison involves evaluating ourselves in comparison to others, personality refers to our individual characteristics, and evaluative assessment is a more general term that does not specifically relate to the process of figuring out our identity through the perceptions of others.

Question 5

Jason went to a party with several of his friends last weekend. While he was there, he made several inappropriate comments and did not notice that people were offended by what he was saying. Afterwards, several people at the party commented to Jason's friends that they were surprised and upset by his behavior. Which of the following statements is likely true of Jason?
A) Jason has low self-esteem.
B) Jason is a low self-monitor.
C) Jason has a poor self-concept.
D) Jason does not engage in self-fulfilling prophecies.

Accepted Answer

A low self-monitor is someone who is not good at reading social cues and adapting their behavior accordingly. Jason's inappropriate comments and failure to notice that people were offended suggest that he is a low self-monitor. The other options do not necessarily apply given the information provided.

Question 6

The way you tend to think and act in most situations defines your:
A) personality
B) self-concept
C) self-image
D) behavioral consistency

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the unique and enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that distinguish individuals from one another. It encompasses our habitual ways of approaching and responding to situations, and our characteristic temperaments and dispositions. Self-concept and self-image are related constructs that refer to our perceptions of ourselves, whereas behavioral consistency refers to the degree to which our actions and habits are stable and predictable over time and across different contexts. While all of these factors may contribute to one's overall identity, personality is the most encompassing and enduring of the options listed.

Question 7

Schutz identified three fundamental interpersonal needs. This particular need is the most similar in meaning to fellowship face:
A) need for control
B) need for inclusion
C) need for affection
D) need for autonomy

Accepted Answer

Schutz's need for inclusion refers to the desire to be a part of a group and to feel accepted by others, which is most similar in meaning to fellowship face. The need for control is a desire to have power or influence over others, the need for affection is a desire for emotional intimacy and warmth, and the need for autonomy is a desire for independence and self-direction.

Question 8

When we consider how we want to be perceived by other people, we are considering our:
A) identity
B) image
C) self-monitoring
D) self-concept

Accepted Answer

How we want to be perceived by others is our image, which is different from our actual identity or self-concept. Self-monitoring refers to the degree to which we adjust our behavior to fit different situations, but it is not the same as our desired image.

Question 9

According to social penetration theory, the _______ dimension concerns the number of topics disclosed whereas the _______ dimension concerns the level of detail in topics disclosed.
A) breadth, depth
B) depth, breadth
C) range, penetration
D) penetration, range

Accepted Answer

According to social penetration theory, the breadth dimension concerns the number of topics disclosed, while the depth dimension concerns the level of detail in topics disclosed.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about people with high self-esteem is NOT true?
A) They score higher on standardized tests
B) They are comfortable initiating relationships
C) They have higher emotional intelligence
D) They are more likely to end a relationship that is in trouble

Accepted Answer

There is no definitive evidence to suggest that people with high self-esteem score higher on standardized tests. While high self-esteem can be linked to better academic performance, there are many other factors that influence test scores.

Question 11

Regarding the benefits of high self-esteem, which of the following statements has been supported by the research?
A) Those with high self-esteem are less likely to drink, do drugs, or engage in risky sex
B) Those with high self-esteem do better in school
C) Those with high self-esteem are more outgoing and willing to communicate
D) All of these statements have been supported by the research

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding the benefits of high self-esteem, which...

Question 12

Regarding self-disclosure, which of the following statements is true?
A) depth refers to the range of topics you discuss with others
B) most relationships start out with a high degree of self-disclosure
C) self-disclosure is highly reciprocal
D) men and women do not differ from each other in how disclosive they are

Accepted Answer

Self-disclosure is highly reciprocal, meaning that when one person shares personal information, the other person is likely to share personal information in return.

Question 13

According to the text, your self-concept is influenced by all of the following except:
A) personality and biology
B) culture and gender roles
C) reflected appraisal
D) impression evaluation

Accepted Answer

The text states that your self-concept is influenced by personality and biology, culture and gender roles, and reflected appraisal. Impression evaluation is not mentioned as a factor that influences self-concept.

Question 14

Your subjective evaluation of yourself is known as:
A) self-evaluation
B) self-esteem
C) self-concept
D) self-image

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your subjective evaluation of yourself is known...

Question 15

Which face need refers to our need to be respected for our abilities and intelligence?
A) autonomy face
B) competence face
C) character face
D) fellowship face

Accepted Answer

The competence face refers to our need to be respected for our abilities and intelligence. The autonomy face refers to our need to be in control of our own decisions and actions, the character face refers to our need to be seen as morally upright individuals, and the fellowship face refers to our need to belong and be accepted by others.

Question 16

According to the Johari Window, there are aspects of our personalities that others can see in us but that we are unaware of. These are known as the ________ aspects of our self.
A) open
B) hidden
C) blind
D) unknown

Accepted Answer

The blind aspects of our self refer to the parts of our personality that are visible to others but are unknown or unnoticed by ourselves. Option A (open) refers to the aspects of ourselves that are known to both ourselves and others, Option B (hidden) refers to the aspects that we are aware of but that we keep hidden from others, and Option D (unknown) refers to the aspects that are unknown both to ourselves and to others.

Question 17

When Sheila asked her friend Tommy to help her move at the end of the semester, she may have threatened his ________ face needs.
A) autonomy
B) competence
C) character
D) fellowship

Accepted Answer

Asking for help, especially in a context that implies one cannot manage alone, can threaten a person's need for autonomy by suggesting they are being controlled or are not fully independent.

Question 18

Judy thinks it's going to rain today, so she behaves in ways that are consistent with that prediction (e.g., she wears her raincoat, she carries her umbrella). In fact, it does rain, just as she predicted. Is this an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy? Pick the correct answer and explanation.
A) Yes, because she predicted it would rain, and it did
B) No, because she did not communicate her prediction to others
C) Yes, because she behaved in ways consistent with her prediction
D) No, because her behaviors did not cause the prediction to come true

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy involves a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, due to the feedback between belief and behavior. In this case, Judy's actions (wearing a raincoat, carrying an umbrella) did not influence the weather outcome; the rain was not a result of her belief or actions.

Question 19

Martin disclosed something personal to his friend Tony. Afterward, Tony felt as though he had to disclose something personal in return. Tony's feelings exemplify which principle?
A) breadth
B) need for autonomy
C) norm of reciprocity
D) identity management

Accepted Answer

Tony's feelings demonstrate the norm of reciprocity, which suggests that when one person discloses personal information, the other person feels obligated to do the same in order to maintain a balanced and fair relationship.

Question 20

According to the textbook, which of the following statements about people with low self-esteem is NOT true?
A) People with low self-esteem are likely to magnify their failures.
B) People with low self-esteem are more likely to emphasize others' negative comments.
C) People with low self-esteem are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior.
D) People with low self-esteem are more likely to be depressed.

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that people with low self-esteem are more likely to engage in maladaptive behavior such as substance abuse, not necessarily antisocial behavior.

Quiz 3: Communication and the Self

The research on sex and cultural differences in self-esteem has primarily disputed which of the following claims?

When we evaluate our own merits with respect to certain reference groups, we are engaging in a process known as:

Your own understanding of who you are as a person comprises your:

One of the ways we figure out who we are is by seeing who others think we are. The term for that process is:

The way you tend to think and act in most situations defines your:

Schutz identified three fundamental interpersonal needs. This particular need is the most similar in meaning to fellowship face:

When we consider how we want to be perceived by other people, we are considering our:

According to social penetration theory, the _ dimension concerns the number of topics disclosed whereas the _ dimension concerns the level of detail in topics disclosed.

Which of the following statements about people with high self-esteem is NOT true?

Regarding the benefits of high self-esteem, which of the following statements has been supported by the research?

Regarding self-disclosure, which of the following statements is true?

According to the text, your self-concept is influenced by all of the following except:

Your subjective evaluation of yourself is known as:

Which face need refers to our need to be respected for our abilities and intelligence?

According to the Johari Window, there are aspects of our personalities that others can see in us but that we are unaware of. These are known as the ________ aspects of our self.

When Sheila asked her friend Tommy to help her move at the end of the semester, she may have threatened his ________ face needs.

Judy thinks it's going to rain today, so she behaves in ways that are consistent with that prediction (e.g., she wears her raincoat, she carries her umbrella) . In fact, it does rain, just as she predicted. Is this an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy? Pick the correct answer and explanation.

Martin disclosed something personal to his friend Tony. Afterward, Tony felt as though he had to disclose something personal in return. Tony's feelings exemplify which principle?

According to the textbook, which of the following statements about people with low self-esteem is NOT true?