Question 1

What is currently the largest or most prevalent religious affiliation in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

Christianity is currently the largest religious affiliation in the U.S., with approximately 70.6% of adults identifying as Christian according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in 2014. This is followed by the unaffiliated (22.8%), Jewish (1.9%), Muslim (0.9%), and other religions (2.8%).

Question 2

Which of the following Amendments protects expression of religion?

Accepted Answer

The First Amendment protects freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Question 3

Which of the following has developed under case law as a religious exemption for churches and other religious institutions?

Accepted Answer

The religious exemption developed under case law allows churches and other religious institutions to discriminate only on the basis of religion for non-ministerial positions, but not on other bases such as race or gender. This exemption is not absolute, however, and is subject to limitations and scrutiny by the courts. Therefore, option A and B are incorrect. Option D is also incorrect as there is a religious exemption developed under case law.

Question 4

Which would be most likely to be found a violation of Title VII?

Accepted Answer

B) An employee refusing to remove offensive posters from his workplace directly contributes to a hostile work environment, which is a violation of Title VII as it pertains to discrimination and harassment based on sex, including sexual orientation.

Question 5

How is the workforce changing in terms of age?

Accepted Answer

The workforce is experiencing a demographic shift where the percentage of younger workers is decreasing, the percentage of older workers is increasing, and the percentage of prime age workers is also seeing a decline. This reflects broader trends in aging populations, changes in retirement ages, and shifts in the labor market's demands.

Question 6

What is prohibited under the ADEA (as amended)?

Accepted Answer

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) primarily prohibits mandatory retirement ages and discrimination against individuals who are 40 years of age or older; it does not cover discrimination for those over 16 or all differential treatment in benefits by age.

Question 7

Most issues related to older workers in the workforce stem from

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes about older workers often lead to discrimination, such as assumptions that they are less productive, resistant to change, or less adaptable than younger workers. These stereotypes are not always accurate and can unfairly limit opportunities for older workers. The other options do not fully capture the complex issues related to older workers in the workforce.

Question 8

An office recently laid off some more senior employees because of a shift to a complex electronic filing system. Management was concerned that some older employees would have difficulty learning the electronic system and it would be a inefficient and costly to invest in training them because older employees might soon retire. Is the office's decision likely prudent?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination based on age is illegal in the workplace, and it is inappropriate for management to assume that older employees would have difficulty with new technology without providing training or opportunity for them to learn. Furthermore, research has shown that older workers can be just as capable of learning new technology as younger workers.

Question 9

Joyce Head was the plaintiff in a lawsuit brought by the EEOC against the cosmetics manufacturer L'Oreal. What was the basis for this suit?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Joyce Head was the plaintiff in a...

Question 10

With respect to generational differences at work,

Accepted Answer

While research suggests some generational differences at work, experience and roles may be more important factors. Financial benefits may not necessarily result from generational similarity within a job category.

Question 11

Retirement is often a concern for American workers. What percentage of households had no financial preparation for retirement (other than Social Security), based on a survey by the NIRS?

Accepted Answer

According to the National Institute on Retirement Security (NIRS), 45% of American households had no financial preparation for retirement other than Social Security.

Question 12

An employee leaves career employment but not the labor force. This is called

Accepted Answer

Bridge employment refers to a situation where an individual leaves their primary career but continues working in some capacity, often in a different field or with a more flexible schedule. This is different from phased retirement, where an employee gradually reduces their hours before fully retiring, and from pseudo-retirement, where an individual stops working but does not fully retire. Contingent employment refers to temporary or contract work.

Question 13

How are weight and appearance different from other physical or demographic attributes of employees?

Accepted Answer

In most cases, the law does not specifically address discrimination based on weight and appearance, unlike other attributes such as race, gender, or age, which are protected under anti-discrimination laws.

Question 14

Which of the following is a domain within disability?

Accepted Answer

Disability is a broad term that encompasses different domains, such as communicative, physical, and mental, all of which can present challenges to individuals with disabilities. Therefore, the best answer would be D, all of the above.

Question 15

Within the prime working age population,

Accepted Answer

According to research, between 1/3 and ½ of those with disabilities within the prime working age population are employed. The other options are not supported by research and are therefore incorrect.

Question 16

An accommodation is reasonable when it

Accepted Answer

The answer of An accommodation is reasonable when it
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Question 17

What is the preferable way to refer to individuals with disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Using person-first language is the preferable way to refer to individuals with disabilities as it prioritizes their identity as a person first rather than reducing them to their disability. It also shows respect and acknowledges their dignity as individuals. Phrases like "handicapped" or "crippled" are outdated and offensive, while using the phrase "suffers from [disability]" implies that the person is constantly in a state of suffering. Referring to the person as being disabled is not necessarily wrong, but it is less person-centered than person-first language.

Question 18

Accommodations for employees with a disability

Accepted Answer

Most accommodations for employees with disabilities are inexpensive, with many costing nothing and the majority under $500. This is supported by research from the Job Accommodation Network, which shows that accommodations are often low-cost but can significantly aid in employment for individuals with disabilities.

Question 19

What is the typical price range of an accommodation based on current reports?

Accepted Answer

The typical price range of an accommodation based on current reports is less than $500.

Question 20

Discrimination on the basis of weight and/or appearance

Accepted Answer

Discrimination on the basis of weight and/or appearance is not explicitly covered by Title VII or the ADA, and empirical research shows that weight-based discrimination is common. However, regardless of its legality, discrimination on the basis of weight and/or appearance can create a non-inclusive workplace environment and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. Therefore, it is important for employers to address and discourage such discrimination.

Quiz 12: Religion, Age, Ability, Appearance, Weight, Social Class, and Work