Question 1

Unfinalizability means that we always have the capacity to affect at least some change in social outcomes like technology and science, however inevitable they may appear.

Accepted Answer

Unfinalizability theory suggests that no outcome in social systems is completely determined or final, and that humans possess the capacity to influence change, even if some outcomes seem inevitable. Therefore, option A is correct.

Question 2

Annual subsidies for cars in the United States, according to the World Resources Institute, are less than $100 million?

Accepted Answer

The World Resources Institute estimates that annual subsidies for cars in the United States are actually around $7.3 billion.

Question 3

Scientific capital gives a scientist a vested interest in protectingthe institutions of science for their own personal benefit.

Accepted Answer

Scientific capital refers to the reputation, funding, and career advancement opportunities that a scientist gains through their contributions to the scientific community. As a scientist accumulates more scientific capital, they become more invested in protecting the institutions of science that have helped them achieve success. This is because if these institutions were to crumble or be discredited (e.g. due to fraud or misconduct), the scientist's own reputation and career prospects could suffer. Therefore, scientific capital gives scientists a vested interest in upholding the integrity of science, even if this means exposing misconduct or challenging the status quo.

Question 4

Boundary work makes it clear whose knowledge bears authorityover the situation at hand.

Accepted Answer

Boundary work is the process of defining and maintaining the boundary between different fields of knowledge. This involves establishing who has the authority and expertise to make decisions and provide information related to a particular situation or problem. Therefore, boundary work does make it clear whose knowledge bears authority over the situation at hand.

Question 5

True False Access to the elite goes through a leaky pipeline, with white males leaking out all down the line.

Accepted Answer

The concept of a "leaky pipeline" typically refers to the underrepresentation and attrition of women and minorities in fields like STEM, not white males. White males are generally overrepresented in elite positions.

Question 6

A naturalistic fallacy claims that what is real is what is good, and what is good is what is real.

Accepted Answer

The naturalistic fallacy is a logical fallacy that claims that what is natural is good, and what is good is natural.

Question 7

Joliot and Curie documented how methane could be split, setting off chain reaction.

Accepted Answer

Joliot and Curie did not document how methane could be split to set off a chain reaction; they are known for their work on artificial radioactivity.

Question 8

Explain three ways that cars contribute to the "erosion of social commitment" according to the author?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain three ways that cars contribute to...

Question 9

Technology is frequently considered to be an "independent agent of social change." Do you agree? Explain why or why not. Critique this claim?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Technology is frequently considered to be an...

Question 10

Explain the concept of "technology as dialogue.?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concept of "technology as dialogue.?...

Question 11

What does the author mean by the "social organization of convenience?" Give an example and explain how it applies.?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the author mean by the...

Question 12

Cars are associated with a complex array of changes in the way Americans live. Using the example of cars, explain the dialogue of technology and the social organization of convenience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cars are associated with a complex array...

Question 13

Define and give an example of a broken technological "recipes of understanding.?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and give an example of a...

Question 14

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Robert K. Merton
A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Technological somnambulism
C) Recipes of understanding
D) Alfred Schutz
E) Bruno Latour
F) G.E. Moore

Accepted Answer

Robert K. Merton is associated with the concept of the "self-fulfilling prophecy," which describes a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true.

Question 15

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Langdon Winner
A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Technological somnambulism
C) Recipes of understanding
D) Alfred Schutz
E) Bruno Latour
F) G.E. Moore

Accepted Answer

Technological somnambulism is a term coined by Langdon Winner to describe the tendency of people to be unaware of the profound effects of technology on society.

Answer: D
 Alfred Schutz is a philosopher whose work on social phenomenology examines how social actors understand the world and their place in it.

Answer: E
 Bruno Latour is a sociologist who is known for his work on Actor-Network Theory, which examines the relationships between people, objects, and institutions.

Answer: A
 Self-fulfilling prophecy is a concept in sociology that refers to the phenomenon of a prediction coming true simply because it was made.

Answer: C
 Recipes of understanding is a concept introduced by G.E. Moore to describe the way in which people come to understand complex concepts through a process of breaking them down into simple, manageable parts.

Answer: F
 G.E. Moore is a philosopher who is known for his contributions to ethical theory and his rejection of utilitarianism.

Question 16

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Alfred Schutz
A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Technological somnambulism
C) Recipes of understanding
D) Alfred Schutz
E) Bruno Latour
F) G.E. Moore

Accepted Answer

Alfred Schutz is associated with the concept of "recipes of understanding," which refers to the routine ways individuals make sense of the world in everyday life.

Question 17

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Phenomenology
A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Technological somnambulism
C) Recipes of understanding
D) Alfred Schutz
E) Bruno Latour
F) G.E. Moore

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology is a philosophical approach and method that explores subjective experiences and meaning-making from the perspective of the individual. Alfred Schutz was a prominent phenomenologist who developed the idea of "recipes of understanding," which refer to the socially constructed rules and norms that shape our perception and interpretation of the world.

Answer: E 
 Technological somnambulism is a term coined by philosopher of science Bruno Latour to describe the way in which we often passively accept new technologies without critically examining their implications or effects.

Answer: F 
 G.E. Moore was a philosopher who developed the concept of the "naturalistic fallacy," which argues that it is illogical to derive moral or evaluative judgments from factual observations about the world. This can be seen as related to the idea of a self-fulfilling prophecy, which refers to the way in which our beliefs and expectations about a situation can shape its outcome.

Question 18

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Actor Network Theory
A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Technological somnambulism
C) Recipes of understanding
D) Alfred Schutz
E) Bruno Latour
F) G.E. Moore

Accepted Answer

Actor Network Theory is associated with Bruno Latour, who is one of its primary developers.

Question 19

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.)
-____ Naturalistic Fallacy
A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Technological somnambulism
C) Recipes of understanding
D) Alfred Schutz
E) Bruno Latour
F) G.E. Moore

Accepted Answer

G.E. Moore is the philosopher who introduced and defined the Naturalistic Fallacy in his work "Principia Ethica."

Answer: D
 Alfred Schutz discusses the significance of "Recipes of Understanding" in his phenomenology of the social world.

Answer: E
 Bruno Latour's concept of "Technological Somnambulism" refers to the tendency of humans to blindly accept and rely on technology without considering its implications.

Answer: A
 The idea of a "Self-fulfilling Prophecy" is often discussed in sociology and psychology as a phenomenon where a belief or prediction about a situation leads to actions that make that belief or prediction come true. It is not directly related to any of the other terms or thinkers in the list.

Quiz 4: Technology and Science

Unfinalizability means that we always have the capacity to affect at least some change in social outcomes like technology and science, however inevitable they may appear.

Annual subsidies for cars in the United States, according to the World Resources Institute, are less than $100 million?

Scientific capital gives a scientist a vested interest in protectingthe institutions of science for their own personal benefit.

Boundary work makes it clear whose knowledge bears authorityover the situation at hand.

True False Access to the elite goes through a leaky pipeline, with white males leaking out all down the line.

A naturalistic fallacy claims that what is real is what is good, and what is good is what is real.

Joliot and Curie documented how methane could be split, setting off chain reaction.

Explain three ways that cars contribute to the "erosion of social commitment" according to the author?

Technology is frequently considered to be an "independent agent of social change." Do you agree? Explain why or why not. Critique this claim?

Explain the concept of "technology as dialogue.?

What does the author mean by the "social organization of convenience?" Give an example and explain how it applies.?

Cars are associated with a complex array of changes in the way Americans live. Using the example of cars, explain the dialogue of technology and the social organization of convenience?

Define and give an example of a broken technological "recipes of understanding.?

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.) -____ Robert K. Merton

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.) -____ Langdon Winner

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.) -____ Alfred Schutz

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.) -____ Phenomenology

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.) -____ Actor Network Theory

Matching: Please match the term, thinker, and/or text with its complement or correspondent , by placing the appropriate identification letter/number in the space provided. (You may use answers more than once.) -____ Naturalistic Fallacy