Question 1

Which of the following is not a reason why prejudiced attitudes are difficult to change?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not accurate as there is no evidence to suggest that prejudiced attitudes are fundamentally different from other types of attitudes. In fact, attitudes in general can be difficult to change due to a variety of factors. The other options all provide valid reasons why prejudiced attitudes may be difficult to change.

Question 2

According to the self-regulation model of prejudice reduction, if a stereotype is acti- vated and control cues are present, people are likely to

Accepted Answer

According to the self-regulation model of prejudice reduction, if a stereotype is activated and control cues are present, people are likely to search for and use an appropriate non-prejudiced response. This is because the presence of control cues helps individuals to regulate their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in a non-prejudiced manner. Therefore, they are more likely to engage in a deliberate and reflective response, rather than an automatic and biased one.

Question 3

According to the self-regulation model of prejudice reduction, people who see them- selves as non-prejudiced but respond in a prejudiced manner are likely to

Accepted Answer

The self-regulation model of prejudice reduction suggests that when people who view themselves as non-prejudiced display prejudiced behavior, they are more likely to develop cues for controlling such behavior in the future. This involves recognizing and acknowledging their behavior, taking responsibility for it, and actively working to change it in the future. Feeling angry and hurt (A), blaming the target of their behavior (C), and avoiding thinking about their actions (D) are not productive responses for reducing prejudice.

Question 4

Nigel realizes he has acted in a prejudiced manner. He wants to avoid acting this way in the future, so he develops cues that will warn him of this possibility. Which model of prejudice reduction describes this process?

Accepted Answer

The self-regulation model involves developing cues or reminders to avoid acting in a prejudiced manner in the future. This model focuses on increasing self-awareness and actively monitoring and regulating one's own behavior.

Question 5

The self-regulation model of prejudice reduction is most applicable to people who

Accepted Answer

The self-regulation model of prejudice reduction focuses on individuals who are low in prejudice and seeks to help them maintain their non-prejudiced attitudes. It involves strategies such as monitoring one's own behavior and cognition, setting goals for non-prejudiced behavior, and self-reinforcement for non-prejudiced behavior. It is not as applicable to individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat, high in social dominance orientation, or have experienced discrimination themselves.

Question 6

Research on self-regulation of prejudice has shown that

Accepted Answer

With practice, individuals can improve their ability to control prejudiced responses, as they become more aware of their biases and develop strategies to manage them.

Question 7

A researcher shows Olivia a list of words; some are stereotypical of older adults and others are counter-stereotypical. She is asked to shout "no" when she sees a ste- reotypic trait and "yes" when she sees a counter-stereotypic trait. This procedure is repeated several times. Based on the results of the research, Olivia will

Accepted Answer

The repetition of the task will likely make it easier for Olivia to identify stereotypic and counter-stereotypic traits, which could reinforce existing stereotypes she holds or challenge them. However, there is no indication that she will learn new stereotypes or create subtypes of older adults. The scenario does not provide enough information to suggest that Olivia will become frustrated.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a way to train people to reduce their biased thinking?

Accepted Answer

Teaching people to replace counter-stereotypic beliefs with stereotypic beliefs would actually increase biased thinking rather than reducing it. The other three options are effective ways to train people to reduce their biased thinking.

Question 9

Isabella is a majority group member who is motivated to avoid acting in a prejudiced manner. Compared to her peers who are not motivated to avoid prejudice, when Isabella interacts with a minority group member she is likely to

Accepted Answer

Isabella's motivation to avoid acting in a prejudiced manner can lead to her feeling more anxious during interactions with minority group members because she is concerned about saying or doing something that could be perceived as prejudiced. This anxiety can detract from her enjoyment of the interaction. Additionally, her efforts to be non-prejudiced and the anxiety she experiences can be noticed by her interaction partner, potentially leading to a more positive perception of Isabella, making her better liked. Thus, all of the options are likely outcomes of her motivation to avoid prejudice.

Question 10

Peter is a White man who has just met his roommate's best friend, Jake. Jake is African American. Peter is trying to carefully monitor his behavior so that he does not appear to be prejudiced. According to research, Peter's careful attention to his actions will probably

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that trying to suppress or control one's prejudices can lead to depletion of cognitive resources, making it harder to complete other mental tasks. This is known as the "cognitive cost of prejudice control." Therefore, Peter's careful monitoring of his behavior may deplete his cognitive resources, leading to difficulty in other tasks.

Question 11

In a conversation with a lesbian, which of the following behaviors may be well- intended, but still communicate prejudicial thinking?

Accepted Answer

Asking personal questions about someone's sex life can be invasive and inappropriate regardless of their sexual orientation. It is important to respect boundaries and not make assumptions about someone's willingness to share intimate details.

Question 12

----------------is imagining the world from another person's point of view.

Accepted Answer

Perspective-taking involves imagining oneself in another person's position and seeing the world from their point of view.

Question 13

Which of the following will likely increase a person's perspective-taking?

Accepted Answer

All of the options provided involve exposure to experiences or perspectives that are different than one's own. Listening to an interview with a person from a different social group allows one to learn about their experiences and gain insight into their perspectives. Watching a video clip of someone experiencing prejudice can evoke empathy and prompt one to consider how they would feel in that situation. Writing a "day in the life" essay about a member of a stereotyped group requires one to imagine themselves in someone else's shoes and consider their experiences and perspectives. Therefore, all of these activities can increase a person's perspective-taking.

Question 14

Sal is asked to take the perspective of a person with a disability by writing a "day in the life essay" about this person. Based on the results of research, Sal will have-------------------attitudes about the individual he wrote about and ----------------- attitudes toward other people with disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Sal's research and attempt to write from the perspective of a person with a disability is likely to increase their understanding and empathy for that individual, resulting in a positive attitude towards them. It is also possible that Sal may develop positive attitudes towards other people with disabilities due to increased understanding and awareness.

Question 15

Devante, an African American student, creates a video in which he describes the dis- crimination he has experienced. After Josephine, who is White, watches this video, she will be likely to

Accepted Answer

Josephine is likely to recognize the disadvantages that many African Americans experience in U.S. society after watching Devante's video. The video will provide an opportunity for Josephine to gain insights into Devante's experiences and understand the impact of discrimination on African Americans. This empathetic response can lead to increased awareness and understanding of systemic racism and its impact on marginalized communities.

Question 16

Taking the perspective of a member of a devalued social group

Accepted Answer

When taking the perspective of a member of a devalued social group, it increases recognition of the discrimination that members of that group experience, as it allows one to see things from a different point of view and understand the challenges faced by the group. It does not necessarily increase implicit bias or decrease empathy for members of that group, as it depends on the individual's personal beliefs and values.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the positive effects of taking the perspective of a member of a devalued group?

Accepted Answer

The positive effects of taking the perspective of a member of a devalued group can persist for several months, according to research. Option A is incorrect because studies have shown that taking the perspective of a member of a devalued group can also lead to changes in behavior, not just attitudes. Option C is incorrect because the positive effects can apply to the group as a whole, not just the specific group member. Option D is incorrect because taking the perspective of a member of a devalued group has been shown to decrease both explicit and implicit prejudice.

Question 18

Lucy is asked to take the perspective of a Muslim living in Canada. Doing so is least
Likely to reduce her prejudice against Muslims if she

Accepted Answer

If Lucy feels threatened by Muslims as a group, taking their perspective may reinforce her existing prejudice and make it more difficult to overcome. The other options (not identifying strongly with Canadian nationality, detachment during perspective-taking, and being socially liberal) are unrelated to the outcome of reducing prejudice.

Question 19

People who have greater relational mobility

Accepted Answer

Greater relational mobility refers to the ability of individuals to form and maintain meaningful social relationships with others, even when those relationships may change or end over time. Research suggests that people in Western cultures tend to have greater relational mobility compared to those in Eastern cultures, where social relationships tend to be more stable and long-lasting. There is no evidence to suggest that greater relational mobility is related to difficulty taking another's perspective or increased prejudice.

Question 20

Perspective-taking is more likely to reduce prejudice for people from Western rather than Eastern cultures because

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals from cultures with greater relational mobility, such as Western cultures, are more likely to engage in perspective-taking and display reduced prejudice. Cultures with lower relational mobility, such as many Eastern cultures, prioritize maintaining existing relationships and social order, which may make it less likely for individuals to engage in perspective-taking to reduce prejudice.

Quiz 13: Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination