Question 1

The fact that American-raised Hogan's exposure to the German language while in World War II impacted his brain organization is best explained by
A) experience-dependent growth.
B) synaptic pruning.
C) myelination.
D) experience-expectant growth.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Hogan's exposure to the German language while in World War II impacted his brain organization is an example of experience-dependent growth, which refers to changes in the brain that occur due to specific experiences or activities. Hogan's brain organized in response to the specific linguistic input he was receiving, which led to changes in the neural connections supporting language processing. This is different from experience-expectant growth, which refers to the normal development of neural connections that is expected to occur in response to typical environmental input (such as exposure to language during early childhood). Synaptic pruning and myelination are also important processes in brain development, but they are not directly relevant to Hogan's experience with the German language.

Question 2

Whose brain is most likely to have the most synapses?
A) Jerry, who is a newborn
B) Elaine, who is one year old.
C) Kramer, who is seven years old.
D) George, who is 14 years old.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whose brain is most likely to have...

Question 3

Blane deals with people who have suffered some sort of brain damage, helping them try to use different areas of the brain that perform functions that were previously performed by the areas that are now damaged. Blane's specialty would be best described as
A) neuroplasticity.
B) synaptic pruning.
C) neural plate studies.
D) motor skills.

Accepted Answer

Blane's work involves helping people use different areas of their brain to compensate for areas that have been damaged. This process relies on the brain's ability to reorganize itself and create new neural connections, which is known as neuroplasticity. Therefore, Blane's specialty is best described as neuroplasticity. The other options (B, C, and D) are not directly related to Blane's work with brain-damaged patients.

Question 4

The best description of neural development is that
A) brain organization is influenced by experience, but biochemical development instructions follow a more specific pattern.
B) brain organization cannot be influenced by experience, but biochemical development instructions allow for many different general patterns of development.
C) both brain organization and biochemical development instructions are heavily influenced by experience.
D) neither brain organization nor biochemical development instructions can be influenced by experience.

Accepted Answer

Neural development is not only determined by genetic factors, but also influenced by environmental factors and experiences. However, there is still a specific pattern of biochemical development that follows from genetic instructions. This means that brain organization can be influenced by experience, but there are limits to the variability.

Question 5

Which best describes the impact of myelin on a neuron?
A) It increases the number of dendrites it produces
B) It helps speed neural transmission
C) It prevents synaptic pruning
D) It enhances action in the terminal buttons

Accepted Answer

Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around the axon of a neuron and acts as an insulator, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of neural signals.

Question 6

Which phenomenon is the best argument against the notion that the organization of the brain is predetermined genetically?
A) Synaptic pruning
B) Development of the neural plate
C) The left hemisphere specializing in language processing
D) Neuroplasticity

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt its structure and function in response to new experiences and environmental demands. This phenomenon directly challenges the notion that the organization of the brain is predetermined genetically as it suggests that the brain's organization can be shaped by experience and learning.

Question 7

Which best exemplifies experience-expectant growth?
A) The fact that all infants hear language sounds, which leads to language development
B) The fact that eating high-fat foods leads to obesity
C) The fact that abused children often experience depression
D) The fact that by age two, most children are about three-feet tall

Accepted Answer

Experience-expectant growth refers to the way in which the brain is biologically prepared to develop in response to certain basic experiences, such as hearing language sounds. This is different from experience-dependent growth, which is shaped by an individual's unique experiences and environment. Choices B, C, and D are not examples of experience-expectant growth.

Question 8

Prior to birth, all _____ layers of the major brain are formed.
A) 6
B) 60
C) 600
D) 6,000

Accepted Answer

There are six layers of the major brain that are formed prior to birth.

Question 9

During an experiment, you record the brain activity of a child using an EEG. As a result of reading your text, you would predict that the left hemisphere would exhibit the most electrical activity when the child is
A) looking at different faces.
B) listening to someone talk.
C) recognizing that her mother is angry.
D) pushing a toy over her bed.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, the left hemisphere is typically more active during language-related tasks such as listening to someone talk.

Question 10

____ is (are) a fatty substance that surrounds the axon of a neuron.
A) The corpus callosum
B) The neural plate
C) Cones
D) Myelin

Accepted Answer

Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds the axons of neurons, providing insulation and allowing for faster transmission of electrical signals. The other options listed are not related to myelin. The corpus callosum is a structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, the neural plate is an embryonic structure that develops into the nervous system, and cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision.

Question 11

The neural plate ultimately forms the
A) brain and spinal cord.
B) spinal cord and the nervous system.
C) nervous system and the skull.
D) skull and the brain.

Accepted Answer

The neural plate develops from the ectoderm layer in the early embryonic stage and gives rise to the neural tube, which ultimately forms the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 12

If Nurse Ratchett indicates that the procedure that is about to be performed on infant Ramon involves the use of metal electrodes, you would expect that the procedure is a(n)
A) amniocentesis.
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging.
C) Apgar.
D) electroencephalogram.

Accepted Answer

The use of metal electrodes in a medical procedure typically refers to an electroencephalogram (EEG), which measures brain activity by recording electrical signals with metal electrodes placed on the scalp. The other options do not typically involve the use of metal electrodes. Amniocentesis involves withdrawing fluid from the amniotic sac for genetic testing or other purposes; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) involves using a strong magnetic field to measure changes in blood flow in response to neural activity; and the Apgar score assesses the health of a newborn immediately after birth based on criteria such as heart rate, breathing, and reflexes.

Question 13

At its peak, the brain forms neurons at the rate of around 4,000 per
A) second.
B) minute.
C) hour.
D) day.

Accepted Answer

The statement says that the brain forms neurons at the rate of around 4,000 per second at its peak, which means that the best choice is A) second.

Question 14

Gina is studying how blood flows through the brain when people listen to different kinds of music. Which sort of research tool is she most likely using in her study?
A) Electroencephalogram
B) Positron emission tomography
C) Functional magnetic resonance imaging
D) Synaptic pruning

Accepted Answer

Gina is most likely using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study blood flow in the brain while participants listen to different kinds of music. EEGs measure electrical activity in the brain, PET scans measure metabolic activity, and synaptic pruning is a process that occurs in the brain during development.

Question 15

The fact that brain wiring is organized by experiences common to humans is referred to as
A) alter inactivity.
B) experience-dependent growth.
C) experience-expectant growth.
D) waking activity.

Accepted Answer

The fact that brain wiring is organized by experiences common to humans is referred to as experience-expectant growth. This means that the brain is wired to expect certain experiences, such as exposure to language during critical periods in development, in order to properly develop and function. Experience-dependent growth, on the other hand, refers to the brain's ability to adapt and rewire in response to individual experiences. Alter inactivity and waking activity do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 16

Your psychology professor asks you to assist her in her experiment. She is studying brain activity by monitoring blood flow to different areas of the brain. This indicates that your professor is most likely using ____ in her study.
A) an electroencephalogram
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging
C) a visual cliff
D) a neural plate

Accepted Answer

Monitoring blood flow to different areas of the brain is a key feature of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain, while a visual cliff is a test for perception in infants. A neural plate is an early embryonic structure that eventually develops into the central nervous system.

Question 17

While observing brain activity, Dr. Smith proclaims, "This brain is definitely experiencing a downsizing in the number of connections between neurons." This indicates that the brain Dr. Smith is studying is undergoing
A) synaptic pruning.
B) motion parallax.
C) cephalocaudal development.
D) dendritic expansion.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning is the process by which unnecessary neuronal connections are eliminated, leaving only those that are necessary for efficient neural communication. This process is typically seen during development, as the brain becomes more specialized and streamlined for specific functions. Therefore, Dr. Smith's observation of a decrease in the number of connections between neurons is a sign of synaptic pruning occurring in the brain they are studying.

Question 18

How would 12-month-old Cassie locomote?
A) She would say her first word
B) She would crawl around the room
C) She would cry when touching something hot
D) She would display eye movement while sleeping

Accepted Answer

At 12 months old, Cassie would most likely be crawling around the room as a form of locomotion. Saying her first word, crying when touching something hot, and displaying eye movement while sleeping are developmental milestones that may or may not have been reached by this age, but do not relate to locomotion.

Question 19

While viewing a picture of a three-week-old embryo, Dr. Pecoraro points to something and says, "This structure will soon become a tube from which the brain and spinal cord will develop." Dr. Pecoraro is pointing at
A) the neural plate.
B) the corpus callosum.
C) the frontal cortex.
D) an axon.

Accepted Answer

The neural plate is the structure which will eventually form into the neural tube from which the brain and spinal cord will develop. It is present in the early stages of embryonic development, around 3 weeks after conception. The other options listed (corpus callosum, frontal cortex, axon) are structures that develop later in fetal development.

Question 20

Bridget is excellent at walking, running, climbing, and kicking balls. This would suggest that Bridget has good
A) neuroplasticity.
B) motor skills.
C) temperament.
D) sociability.

Accepted Answer

Bridget's abilities in walking, running, climbing, and kicking balls suggest that she has good motor skills, which refer to the ability to control and coordinate the movements of the body. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt, temperament refers to individual personality traits, and sociability refers to the willingness to interact with others socially, none of which are necessarily related to motor skills.

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development

The fact that American-raised Hogan's exposure to the German language while in World War II impacted his brain organization is best explained by

Whose brain is most likely to have the most synapses?

Blane deals with people who have suffered some sort of brain damage, helping them try to use different areas of the brain that perform functions that were previously performed by the areas that are now damaged. Blane's specialty would be best described as

The best description of neural development is that

Which best describes the impact of myelin on a neuron?

Which phenomenon is the best argument against the notion that the organization of the brain is predetermined genetically?

Which best exemplifies experience-expectant growth?

Prior to birth, all _____ layers of the major brain are formed.

During an experiment, you record the brain activity of a child using an EEG. As a result of reading your text, you would predict that the left hemisphere would exhibit the most electrical activity when the child is

____ is (are) a fatty substance that surrounds the axon of a neuron.

The neural plate ultimately forms the

If Nurse Ratchett indicates that the procedure that is about to be performed on infant Ramon involves the use of metal electrodes, you would expect that the procedure is a(n)

At its peak, the brain forms neurons at the rate of around 4,000 per

Gina is studying how blood flows through the brain when people listen to different kinds of music. Which sort of research tool is she most likely using in her study?

The fact that brain wiring is organized by experiences common to humans is referred to as

Your psychology professor asks you to assist her in her experiment. She is studying brain activity by monitoring blood flow to different areas of the brain. This indicates that your professor is most likely using ____ in her study.

While observing brain activity, Dr. Smith proclaims, "This brain is definitely experiencing a downsizing in the number of connections between neurons." This indicates that the brain Dr. Smith is studying is undergoing

How would 12-month-old Cassie locomote?

While viewing a picture of a three-week-old embryo, Dr. Pecoraro points to something and says, "This structure will soon become a tube from which the brain and spinal cord will develop." Dr. Pecoraro is pointing at

Bridget is excellent at walking, running, climbing, and kicking balls. This would suggest that Bridget has good