Question 1

How does participant as observer and complete participant roles differ for field research?

Accepted Answer

With participant as observer, people being studied know the identity/purpose of the researcher.

Question 2

How can having a sponsor help you get access to an organization for research?

Accepted Answer

That person can recommend who to contact and/or possibly vouch for you.

Question 3

Name one type of sampling that is often used in qualitative research.

Accepted Answer

Convenience or snowball

Question 4

If an ethnographic researcher worries that he/she might wind up seeing crimes in progress or hear about crimes being planned, what should he/she do early in the research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an ethnographic researcher worries that he/she...

Question 5

Critics of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) claim that they hamper social science ethnographic research because they were originally designed to judge the dangers of what other type of research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) claim...

Question 6

What are mnemonics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are mnemonics?...

Question 7

What is the term for the researcher's presence in the field impacting the behavior of offenders on the street?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the term for the researcher's...

Question 8

How would reactivity of offenders impact the validity of field-observations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would reactivity of offenders impact the...

Question 9

Why is reliability a potential problem with ethnographic research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is reliability a potential problem with...

Question 10

How well does ethnographic research do with generalizability?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How well does ethnographic research do with...

Question 11

Why are structured field observations important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are structured field observations important?...

Question 12

Which role did Wright and colleagues (1992) adopt when they went out into the field to interview drug dealers?

Accepted Answer

Wright and colleagues (1992) adopted the role of "observer as participant" when they went out into the field to interview drug dealers. This approach involves the researchers interacting with the subjects to some extent but primarily as observers rather than full participants in the activities being studied.

Question 13

Which role did Bourgois (2002) and Whyte (1943) adopt when they went into the field to study drug dealers and people in "Cornerville" respectively?

Accepted Answer

Both Bourgois (2002) and Whyte (1943) adopted the role of participant as observer as they actively participated in the lives of the people they were studying while also observing and documenting their behavior and experiences.

Question 14

Mina decides that she wants to do observation for a class project. She spends hours sitting on a bench, noting how many dog owners clean up after their pets and how many do not. What role is Mina adopting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mina decides that she wants to do...

Question 15

What agency provides the only type of legal protection that researchers have for maintaining confidentiality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What agency provides the only type of...

Question 16

Field researchers who are unable to take frequent notes might work to memorize what is happening around them by using this tool to remember things by using acronyms.

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics are memory aids that use acronyms or other forms of abbreviation to help remember information. This would be a useful tool for field researchers who need to remember what is happening around them but may not have the opportunity to take notes. Covert participation refers to observing a group or community without their knowledge, pseudonyms are false names used to protect the identity of individuals, and codebooks are used to encode and decode messages in order to protect privacy or confidentiality. None of these options are related to using acronyms as a memory aid.

Question 17

If there are multiple researchers filling out fieldwork observation forms, the research team needs to be careful to train people and periodically check for ___________.

Accepted Answer

Inter-rater reliability is the degree of agreement between multiple researchers who are observing and recording the same phenomenon. It is important to train researchers to observe and record data consistently and to periodically check for agreement among the researchers to ensure the reliability of the data collected.

Question 18

Ethnographic research is very strong in ______________

Accepted Answer

Ethnographic research is focused on gaining an in-depth understanding of a culture or community, and validity is particularly important in this type of research as the findings are based on observation and interpretation of cultural practices and beliefs. It is essential that the researcher accurately captures and represents the experiences and perspectives of the participants, and the validity of the research helps to ensure that the findings are trustworthy and meaningful. The other options listed are not particularly relevant to ethnographic research.

Question 19

The impact(s) of ethnographic research on the researcher include(s):

Accepted Answer

The impact of ethnographic research on the researcher includes all of the above. Ethnographic research requires a significant investment of time and financial resources. Researchers may also be exposed to personal danger depending on the context in which they conduct their research. Ethical dilemmas are also common in ethnographic research, as researchers must navigate issues of informed consent, confidentiality, and cultural sensitivity.

Question 20

Complete participants are up-front with research participants about their true identity.

Accepted Answer

Complete participants often conceal their true identity to avoid influencing participants' behavior in a study.

Quiz 10: Field Research