Question 1

Older single women in well-paid occupations who choose parenthood

Accepted Answer

The answer of Older single women in well-paid occupations who...

Question 2

Three-month-old Jefferson will probably listen longer to __________ than to __________.

Accepted Answer

Infants prefer human speech and are better able to discriminate between human speech sounds than non-speech sounds. Therefore, Jefferson will probably listen longer to human speech than to nonspeech sounds.

Question 3

Research on hearing shows that newborns

Accepted Answer

Research on hearing in newborns indicates that they can differentiate between ascending and descending tones, indicating some ability to perceive and process complex auditory information at an early age. This suggests that newborns are capable of processing some basic elements of music and language. Research has also shown that newborns are able to distinguish between different phonemes, regardless of the language spoken, and can differentiate between happy and negative emotions in speech. However, they do not show a preference for pure tones over complex sounds.

Question 4

Persistent paternal depression is a strong predictor of

Accepted Answer

Persistent paternal depression has been found to be strongly associated with aggression in boys. There is little evidence to suggest that it is related to delays in motor development, anorexia, or childhood autism.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding newborns' taste preferences is true?

Accepted Answer

Prenatal exposure to flavors from the mother's diet can influence a baby's taste preferences well into the first year of life. Studies have shown that infants who were exposed to a flavor (such as carrot juice) prenatally through the mother's diet were more likely to show a preference for that flavor when given the opportunity to taste it again after birth. This suggests that newborns do have taste preferences that can be shaped by early experiences. Option A is incorrect because babies show a preference for salty tastes even before 12 months of age. Option B is incorrect because newborns have been shown to exhibit taste preferences shortly after birth. Option D is incorrect because newborns can distinguish basic tastes.

Question 6

Laura is the nanny of Jackson, a six-month-old infant, whose single mother is depressed. You can tell Laura that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the quality of the relationship between a caregiver and an infant can have significant impacts on the child's development. Therefore, a warm relationship with Laura can help safeguard Jackson's development, despite his mother's depression. The other options are not accurate or relevant to the given scenario.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about single-mother families is true?

Accepted Answer

About 40 percent of U.S. births are to single mothers, according to the CDC's National Vital Statistics Report. Option B is incorrect as only a small percentage of single mothers are teenagers. Option C is misleading as the risk for developmental problems is generally higher for all children born to older mothers, not just those who are single. Option D is incorrect as the majority of nonmarital births in the US are unplanned.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about vision in newborn babies is true?

Accepted Answer

Newborns' eye movements are indeed slow and inaccurate due to the immaturity of their visual system. They have difficulty tracking moving objects and focusing on them.

Question 9

In some hospitals, health professionals use the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) to

Accepted Answer

The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) is used to demonstrate to parents the capacities of their newborn infant, showcasing the baby's strengths, developmental abilities, and individuality. It is not an intelligence test, nor does it measure the newborn's physical condition immediately after birth (that's the Apgar score), nor is it specifically designed to teach bonding techniques.

Question 10

Newborn babies

Accepted Answer

The answer of Newborn babies
...

Question 11

T. Berry Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Accepted Answer

T. Berry Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) evaluates a newborn baby's reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, and responsiveness to stimuli.

Question 12

Compared to infants of mothers who are not depressed, infants of depressed mothers

Accepted Answer

Infants of depressed mothers are less attentive to their surroundings. Depressed mothers have been found to be less responsive and less engaged with their infants, leading to reduced attention and cognitive development in offspring. Infants of depressed mothers also have greater cortisol levels, indicating high stress and higher risk for negative health outcomes. These infants may also exhibit dysregulated sleep patterns and increased crying.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is supported by research on newborn odor preferences?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns have a preference for the smell of human milk, even without any postnatal exposure. They can distinguish between the smell of their mother's breast and that of an unfamiliar lactating woman, and they show a preference for the smell of their mother's breast. However, this preference is not limited to breastfed babies and has been observed in both breastfed and formula-fed infants. In fact, studies have shown that both groups of newborns orient more to the smell of human milk than to formula milk or other unfamiliar smells. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 14

At birth, newborns prefer __________ to __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns prefer complex sounds, such as the sound of their mother's voice, over pure tones. This is likely due to the fact that they have been listening to the rhythm, intonation, and patterns of speech in utero.

Question 15

Dagwood and Marcia postponed parenthood until Dagwood was 32 and Marcia was 31. They have a happy marriage and both have fulfilling careers. Compared to younger parents, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

As Dagwood and Marcia have waited until their early 30s to have children, they have had more time to establish their careers and personal fulfillment, which may make them feel more ready and willing to participate in parenting than younger parents who could feel overwhelmed with parenting responsibilities. It is also unlikely that their age will affect their enthusiasm or willingness to share childcare and housework tasks.

Question 16

Couples can ease the transition to parenthood by

Accepted Answer

Sharing child care responsibilities right after the baby arrives will help both parents adjust to their new roles and responsibilities. Research shows that this can lead to better outcomes for both parents and the child. Option A is not ideal as it reinforces gender stereotypes and may cause resentment. Option C is not recommended as new parents need time to recover physically and emotionally from childbirth. Option D may lead to conflict and tension in the relationship.

Question 17

__________ is the least-developed of the newborn baby's senses.

Accepted Answer

Newborn babies have a limited visual acuity and are only able to focus on objects within 8-10 inches of their face. They also have difficulty distinguishing between colors and shapes. As they grow and their visual system develops, they become better at perceiving and interpreting visual information.

Question 18

At birth, visual structures in

Accepted Answer

The answer of At birth, visual structures in
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Question 19

Which of the following statements about special interventions that help parents adjust to life with a new baby is true?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that for parents who are not at high risk for problems, counselor-led parenting groups are highly effective in helping them adjust to life with a new baby. Other interventions such as home visits are more effective for high-risk parents. Low-income single mothers can benefit from training in effective coparenting, but it may not be the most effective intervention for all families.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is supported by research on new parenthood?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that sharing caregiving responsibilities predicts greater parental happiness and sensitivity to the baby. A and B are not supported by research, and D is contrary to research findings that a troubled marriage tends to be exacerbated by the stress of a new baby.

Quiz 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby