Question 1

Robert does not want to take part in the math competition at school, because many Asian students participate and he believes that they are innately better at math. Which of the following understandings of race is Robert's attitude based on?
A) Essentialism
B) Social Darwinism
C) White supremacism
D) Social constructionism

Accepted Answer

Robert's attitude is based on essentialism, which is the belief that certain traits or characteristics, such as intelligence or mathematical ability, are innate and inherent to certain racial or ethnic groups. Robert believes that Asian students are innately better at math, based purely on their race or ethnicity, which is an essentialist belief.

Question 2

Recent sporting events are a common topic of discussion in offices, in which co-workers, subordinates and managers can all participate. This means that knowledge of sports contributes to the following:
A) bonding social capital
B) bridging social capital
C) upscale emulation
D) distinction

Accepted Answer

Bridging social capital refers to the connections that are formed across diverse social groups, which is what happens when people from different backgrounds or positions within a company come together to discuss sports. This contrasts with bonding social capital, which strengthens relationships within a more homogenous group. Upscale emulation and distinction are concepts related to social stratification and consumption patterns, not directly relevant to the scenario described.

Question 3

Sports fans' habit of wearing team colors to games contributes to the following:
A) racial integration
B) racial assimilation
C) bonding social capital
D) bridging social capital

Accepted Answer

Wearing a team's colors creates a shared identity among fans, which builds bonding social capital. This type of social capital strengthens relationships and connections within a specific group, but does not necessarily lead to integration or assimilation with other groups.

Question 4

Playing national anthems at the start of North American sporting events is a ritual contributing to one of the following. Which one?
A) Social networks
B) Micro-social networks
C) Local communities
D) Imagined communities

Accepted Answer

Playing national anthems at sporting events contributes to the creation of imagined communities, where individuals who may not personally know each other feel a sense of belonging and unity through shared national identity and symbols.

Question 5

Which of the following are the most likely to bear the social costs of organizing international sporting events, such as the Olympic Games?
A) The homeless
B) The working class
C) The organizers
D) The athletes

Accepted Answer

The homeless are often the most vulnerable members of society and are often displaced or otherwise negatively impacted by the construction of new infrastructure or the influx of visitors associated with major sporting events.

Question 6

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of a minority group?
A) Size
B) Wealth
C) Assimilation
D) Subordination

Accepted Answer

The defining characteristic of a minority group is their subordination, meaning that they hold less power and status in society compared to the dominant group. Size and wealth may be factors in determining a minority group, but they are not defining characteristics. Assimilation is also not a defining characteristic, as minority groups may choose to maintain their cultural identity instead of assimilating to the dominant culture.

Question 7

Many South Asians, who have moved to North America, stop playing cricket and pick up baseball instead. This indicates that they have been subjected to:
A) Integration
B) Assimilation
C) Nationalism
D) Consumerism

Accepted Answer

Assimilation refers to the process of adopting the culture and way of life of the dominant group in society. In this case, South Asians giving up cricket, which is a sport popular in their home countries, and adopting baseball, which is more popular in North America, suggests that they are assimilating into North American culture. Integration, on the other hand, would involve maintaining one's own cultural practices while still participating in and contributing to mainstream society. Nationalism and consumerism do not accurately describe the situation.

Question 8

Which of the following understandings of race is reflected in the commonly held idea that athleticism and race are connected?
A) Cultural constructionism
B) Social constructionism
C) Essentialism
D) Biologism

Accepted Answer

The commonly held idea that athleticism and race are connected reflects an essentialist understanding of race, meaning that certain biological traits are associated with specific racial groups. This idea is not supported by scientific evidence and is based on stereotypes and misinformation.

Question 9

According to the textbook, which of the following describes sociological understanding of race?
A) It is socially constructed, but has powerful social outcomes.
B) It is socially constructed and therefore without significant effects.
C) It is biologically based, but has powerful social outcomes.
D) It is biologically based and therefore without significant effects

Accepted Answer

Sociological understanding of race recognizes that race is a socially constructed concept, but it still has significant impacts on individuals and society. It can shape access to resources, opportunities, and experiences and can lead to discrimination, prejudice, and inequality. Therefore, while race may not have a biological basis, it still has powerful social outcomes.

Question 10

Which of the following refers to differential treatment of people based on their perceived physical characteristics and heritage?
A) Social construction of race
B) Racial inequality
C) Racial segregation
D) Racism

Accepted Answer

Racism refers to the differential treatment of people based on their perceived physical characteristics and heritage. Social construction of race refers to the idea that race is not a biological fact, but rather a socially constructed concept. Racial inequality refers to differences in opportunities and outcomes experienced by people of different races. Racial segregation refers to the physical separation of individuals based on race.

Question 11

A young Aboriginal couple come to view the apartment that the Polettis want to rent out in their all-Italian area of Toronto. The Polettis refuse them, worrying that the couple may not be able to pay rent regularly. Which of the following outcomes does the Polettis' decision contribute to?
A) Racial competition
B) Racial integration
C) Racial segregation
D) Racial assimilation

Accepted Answer

The Polettis' decision to refuse the young Aboriginal couple contributes to racial segregation, as they are preventing individuals from different racial and ethnic backgrounds from living in their neighborhood.

Question 12

A researcher hires two Black and two Asian actors to answer employment ads. All use the same resume and show the same skills during interviews. In the end, Blacks receive three and Asians receive eight job offers. Which of the following concepts does this result illustrate?
A) Racial blindness
B) Racial discrimination
C) Free labor market
D) Globalization

Accepted Answer

The result of the study shows racial discrimination as the Black and Asian actors had the same resumes and skills, yet the Blacks received fewer job offers.

Question 13

In which of the following areas are norms in sports and norms of society in general most likely to differ?
A) Tolerance of aggression
B) Blatant racism
C) Meritocracy
D) Cheating

Accepted Answer

Tolerance of aggression is accepted and even valued in many sports, but is not acceptable in society in general. While society generally values non-violent conflict resolution, sports such as football and hockey almost encourage some level of aggression and physicality.

Question 14

In which of the following ways do most people engage with sports?
A) As participants
B) As consumers
C) As opponents
D) As advocates

Accepted Answer

Most people engage with sports as consumers, meaning they watch sports events on TV, purchase sports apparel and merchandise, and follow their favorite teams and athletes on social media. While some people participate in sports as players, coaches, or volunteers, this is a smaller percentage of the overall population. Few people engage in sports as opponents or advocates.

Question 15

Why do many North American sports teams want to keep their Native American names and symbols, although these are now often criticized?
A) For fear of losing elite appeal
B) For fear of losing corporate support
C) For fear of losing government funding
D) For fear of losing fan base

Accepted Answer

Many North American sports teams want to keep their Native American names and symbols for fear of losing their fan base. These names and symbols have become a part of the team's identity and tradition, and changing them could alienate their loyal fan base. This is especially true for teams in smaller markets or with a strong local fan base.

Question 16

Define imagined community. Is this concept of racial and ethnic groups compatible with essentialism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define imagined community. Is this concept of...

Question 17

Define bridging and bonding social capital. Explain how spectator sports contribute to both.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define bridging and bonding social capital. Explain...

Question 18

Define race. Does the idea of race have real material consequences? If so, what are they?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define race. Does the idea of race...

Question 19

How does the current organization of sports contribute to gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the current organization of sports...

Question 20

Define field experiment. Briefly describe a field experiment that would help you find out whether there is racial discrimination in the rental housing market in your area.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define field experiment. Briefly describe a field...

Quiz 6: Get in the Game: Race, Merit, and Group Boundaries

Robert does not want to take part in the math competition at school, because many Asian students participate and he believes that they are innately better at math. Which of the following understandings of race is Robert's attitude based on?

Recent sporting events are a common topic of discussion in offices, in which co-workers, subordinates and managers can all participate. This means that knowledge of sports contributes to the following:

Sports fans' habit of wearing team colors to games contributes to the following:

Playing national anthems at the start of North American sporting events is a ritual contributing to one of the following. Which one?

Which of the following are the most likely to bear the social costs of organizing international sporting events, such as the Olympic Games?

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of a minority group?

Many South Asians, who have moved to North America, stop playing cricket and pick up baseball instead. This indicates that they have been subjected to:

Which of the following understandings of race is reflected in the commonly held idea that athleticism and race are connected?

According to the textbook, which of the following describes sociological understanding of race?

Which of the following refers to differential treatment of people based on their perceived physical characteristics and heritage?

A young Aboriginal couple come to view the apartment that the Polettis want to rent out in their all-Italian area of Toronto. The Polettis refuse them, worrying that the couple may not be able to pay rent regularly. Which of the following outcomes does the Polettis' decision contribute to?

A researcher hires two Black and two Asian actors to answer employment ads. All use the same resume and show the same skills during interviews. In the end, Blacks receive three and Asians receive eight job offers. Which of the following concepts does this result illustrate?

In which of the following areas are norms in sports and norms of society in general most likely to differ?

In which of the following ways do most people engage with sports?

Why do many North American sports teams want to keep their Native American names and symbols, although these are now often criticized?

Define imagined community. Is this concept of racial and ethnic groups compatible with essentialism?

Define bridging and bonding social capital. Explain how spectator sports contribute to both.

Define race. Does the idea of race have real material consequences? If so, what are they?

How does the current organization of sports contribute to gender inequality?

Define field experiment. Briefly describe a field experiment that would help you find out whether there is racial discrimination in the rental housing market in your area.