Question 1

What foods are rich sources of silicon?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains and root vegetables are the best sources of silicon. Coffee and beer contain silicon but should not be relied on as a primary source as excessive consumption may have negative health effects. Milk and milk products and meats, poultry, and fish are not significant sources of silicon.

Question 2

Which categories of food provide the most nickel?

Accepted Answer

Nuts, legumes, and grains are high in nickel content compared to other food categories. Red meats, fish, milk, and milk products contain lower amounts of nickel.

Question 3

Which ultratrace element was used as a preservative for meat,fish,and dairy products in the early 1900s,considered dangerous for humans in the 1920s,and  today,is considered beneficial for humans?

Accepted Answer

Boron was used as a food preservative in the early 1900s but was later considered dangerous. Today, it is recognized for its beneficial effects on human health, including bone health and hormone regulation.

Question 4

Which ultratrace element effects the composition,structure,and strength of bones as well as cell membrane stability and inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Boron is the ultratrace element that affects the composition, structure, and strength of bones. It also plays a role in cell membrane stability and has anti-inflammatory effects. Vanadium, cobalt, and arsenic do not have significant roles in these areas.

Question 5

Which element is second only to oxygen in abundance on earth?

Accepted Answer

Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth, after oxygen. It makes up about 28% of the Earth's crust, compared to nickel, vanadium, and cobalt which are present in much smaller amounts.

Question 6

Which of the following groups of foods are richest in boron,providing 1.0-4.5 mg/100 g?

Accepted Answer

Raisins, legumes (such as beans and lentils), nuts (such as almonds and peanuts), and avocados are all rich sources of boron, providing 1.0-4.5 mg/100 g. Pork, beef, poultry, milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, fish, and shellfish are not as rich in boron.

Question 7

In animals,a deficiency of which element is associated with diminished growth,abnormal reproduction,reduced conception rate,and increased neonatal mortality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In animals,a deficiency of which element is...

Question 8

Which of the following interacts with fluoride in such a way as to inhibit absorption?

Accepted Answer

Calcium interacts with fluoride to form calcium fluoride, which is insoluble and inhibits absorption of fluoride.

Question 9

Which mineral has beneficial effects on the brain,bones,and the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Boron has been shown to have beneficial effects on the brain, bones, and immune system. It enhances cognitive function, bone strength, and immune response. Cobalt is important for the production of Vitamin B12 and is not directly related to the brain, bones or immune system. Silicon is important for bone and connective tissue health, but its effects on the brain and immune system are not as well-established. Nickel is not known to have any significant beneficial effects on the brain, bones, or immune system.

Question 10

Nickel decreases the absorption of which mineral?

Accepted Answer

Nickel decreases the absorption of iron.

Question 11

Boron is associated with which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Boron is associated with bone development and mediation of the inflammatory response. It helps in the absorption of calcium and magnesium, which are essential for bone growth and maintenance. Boron has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help in reducing the risk of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

Question 12

S-adenosylmethionine most likely provides most of the methyl groups needed for methylation of which element?

Accepted Answer

S-adenosylmethionine provides most of the methyl groups needed for methylation of arsenic.

Question 13

Human toxicity has been shown as black foot disease,a peripheral vascular condition,in individuals drinking water contaminated with ____.

Accepted Answer

Arsenic is known to contaminate drinking water sources and is associated with various health issues, including peripheral vascular conditions such as black foot disease. Boron, silicon, and vanadium are not commonly associated with such toxicity.

Question 14

A derivative of which element is approved for treatment of promyelocytic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Arsenic trioxide is an approved treatment for promyelocytic leukemia. It induces cell differentiation and apoptosis, leading to remission in many patients.

Question 15

In humans,signs of nickel ____ include nausea,vomiting,and difficulty breathing.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing, among others. Deficiency or subclinical deficiency would not result in these symptoms, and carcinogenesis refers to the development of cancer, which is not related to nickel toxicity symptoms.

Question 16

Which ultratrace element may be absorbed through inhalation and via the skin?

Accepted Answer

Arsenic is an ultratrace element that may be absorbed through inhalation and via the skin.

Question 17

Because of its anti-inflammatory actions,which element may reduce the severity of inflammation associated with injury or infection?

Accepted Answer

Boron has been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce the severity of inflammation associated with injury or infection.

Question 18

No federal limits in foods or juices have been established for which ultratrace element,which is well known for its toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Arsenic is a well-known toxic ultratrace element, and hence no federal limits in foods or juices have been established for it. In large quantities, arsenic can cause acute poisoning, and long-term exposure to lower doses can result in various health problems such as skin lesions, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Hence, it is crucial to monitor and regulate the levels of arsenic in food and water resources.

Question 19

Which ultratrace element is normally consumed at <100 µg/day,mainly from nuts,legumes,grains,and chocolate,and has been assigned a Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 1 mg/day?

Accepted Answer

Nickel is an ultratrace element consumed at less than 100 µg/day, primarily from dietary sources like nuts, legumes, grains, and chocolate, and has a Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 1 mg/day.

Question 20

Which micromineral plays a contributing role in the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals that are more resistant to acid erosion?

Accepted Answer

Fluoride plays a contributing role in the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals that are more resistant to acid erosion.

Quiz 14: Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals