Question 1

The movement of the arms during walking can be described as:

Accepted Answer

The movement of the arms during walking helps to counter the angular momentum of the lower limbs, which helps to improve balance and stability while walking. The other options are not accurate descriptions of the role of arm movement during walking.

Question 2

What is the theoretical maximum speed of walking for a person of limb length 0.95m, calculated using the inverted pendulum model ?

Accepted Answer

The theoretical maximum speed of walking can be calculated using the formula: 
Vmax = (√(gL))/π
where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2) and L is the length of the leg. Plugging in the given values, we get:
Vmax = (√(9.81 x 0.95))/π = 3.05 m/s (approx.)
Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 3

The typical ratio of stance and swing time during walking is?

Accepted Answer

The typical ratio of stance and swing time during walking is 60 Stance, 40 Swing. This means that during walking, approximately 60% of the time is spent in stance phase (when the foot is in contact with the ground) and 40% of the time is spent in swing phase (when the foot is off the ground).

Question 4

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

Accepted Answer

There are no flight phases in walking, one foot is always in contact with the floor. Heel contact occurs during double leg stance.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

Accepted Answer

The knee only flexes by about 10 degrees during early stance. During late stance the hip starts to flex prior to toe-off.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

Accepted Answer

During constant speed gait the propulsive and braking impulses are equal. The double support phase allows for a more gradual transfer of load between limbs helping to reduce the loading rate.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

Accepted Answer

The double leg stance allows for a gradual transfer of load with little impact to be absorbed. During mid-stance the rectus femoris supports the knee but the hamstrings are relatively quiet.

Question 8

The peak force during walking is around 1.5 times body weight

Accepted Answer

Peak force in walking is only slightly greater than 1 body weight at toe-off and heel strike.

Question 9

The swinging motion of the arms counteracts the angular momentum of the legs during walking.

Accepted Answer

The arms swing in a contralateral pattern to the legs to reduce the changes in whole body angular momentum.

Question 10

There is a single recognisable 'normal' gait pattern from which any deviation represents an abnormal gait.

Accepted Answer

Whilst the core movements of the gait cycle are consistent the specific range and timing of movements show considerable variation within the population.

Question 11

Describe the role of the upper body during the walking gait cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the role of the upper body...

Question 12

Explain why, at fast walking speeds, it is inevitable that a flight phase will eventually occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why, at fast walking speeds, it...

Question 13

At 5 m/s, a runner with a stride frequency of 1.6 Hz will have a step length of?

Accepted Answer

running speed = stride length x stride frequency. And 1 stride = 2 steps.

Question 14

The normal range of pronation and supination during running is?

Accepted Answer

Normal movement is from 10 degrees of supination at foot strike to 10 degrees pronation by mid-stance. Greater than 20 degrees pronation is generally considered excessive.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about running are true?

Accepted Answer

Running shoes are generally accepted as helping to reduce the magnitude of the vertical ground reaction forces in running. If there is a net propulsive impulse the running would experience an increase in velocity. During constant speed running the braking and propulsive impulses will be equal.

Question 16

What methods are used to help reduce the energy cost of running?

Accepted Answer

Changing stride frequency away from the optimal rate tends to increase energy cost. Mid-foot landing require a more active absorption of impact force and this results in greater energy cost.

Question 17

If three runners experiences the following peak vertical impact forces: Runner A: mass = 60kg, GRF = 1470 / Runner B: mass = 75kg, GRF = 1910N /Runner A: mass = 80kg, GRF = 1880N. Which statements about these runners is true?

Accepted Answer

To find the relative impact force relative to Body Weight you need to divide the Force by Weight (mass x 9.81).

Question 18

Running is different to walking because there is an identifiable flight phase.

Accepted Answer

Walking is defined as having periods of double leg stance separated by single leg stance but no flight phase. In running the period of single leg stance are separated by a flight phase and there is no instance of double leg stance.

Question 19

Pronation during running is always problematic and a cause of injury.

Accepted Answer

Pronation is a normal movement and helps to reduce the peak loading rate experienced in early stance. It is only problematic if excessive in magnitude or duration.

Question 20

Peak vertical impact forces increase as a function of running speed.

Accepted Answer

The peak impact force increases with increases in running speed, for example from ~2xBW to ~3xBW as speed increases from 3 to 6 m/s.

Quiz 6: Human Movement Applications

The movement of the arms during walking can be described as:

What is the theoretical maximum speed of walking for a person of limb length 0.95m, calculated using the inverted pendulum model ?

The typical ratio of stance and swing time during walking is?

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

Which of the following statements about walking gait are true?

The peak force during walking is around 1.5 times body weight

The swinging motion of the arms counteracts the angular momentum of the legs during walking.

There is a single recognisable 'normal' gait pattern from which any deviation represents an abnormal gait.

Describe the role of the upper body during the walking gait cycle.

Explain why, at fast walking speeds, it is inevitable that a flight phase will eventually occur.

At 5 m/s, a runner with a stride frequency of 1.6 Hz will have a step length of?

The normal range of pronation and supination during running is?

Which of the following statements about running are true?

What methods are used to help reduce the energy cost of running?

If three runners experiences the following peak vertical impact forces: Runner A: mass = 60kg, GRF = 1470 / Runner B: mass = 75kg, GRF = 1910N /Runner A: mass = 80kg, GRF = 1880N. Which statements about these runners is true?

Running is different to walking because there is an identifiable flight phase.

Pronation during running is always problematic and a cause of injury.

Peak vertical impact forces increase as a function of running speed.