Question 1

Define race. Explain sociologists' argument that race is a social and historical, rather than biological, construction.

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Question 2

Define racism. How is the idea of race linked to racism?

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Question 3

Is it correct to assert that the prevalence of slavery in ancient society proves the existence of racism in antiquity? Why or why not?

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Question 4

Why was the enslavement of Africans more profitable for English colonists than the enslavement of people indigenous to the Americas?

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Question 5

Were initial justifications for enslaving Africans in English colonies racial in nature? Why or why not?

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Question 6

Describe the slave codes. How were these slave codes intended to impact social relations between African and European servants and slaves?

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Question 7

Describe anthropometrics. What do anthropometric studies of human difference show us about the way in which science has shaped the idea of race?

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Question 8

Describe the Indian Removal Act of 1830. How did the U.S. government justify this policy?

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Question 9

Does the Emancipation Proclamation reveal that Abraham Lincoln believed in the social and political equality of Blacks and Whites? Why or why not?

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Question 10

Explain how both the Spanish Inquisition and England's conflict with Ireland set historical precedents for contemporary racism in North America.

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Question 11

How did the unique form of slavery in North American colonies lay the foundation for a race-based social order in the English colonies of North America?

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Question 12

How did Bacon's Rebellion confirm the fears of colonial plantation owners and illustrate the purpose of the slave codes enacted in the 1660s? How did the slave codes help solidify the construction of colonial America's idea of race?

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Question 13

Compare and contrast the racial taxonomies developed by Francois Bernier, Carolus Linnaeus, and Johann Blumenbach. What assumptions are implicit in these scientists' classifications of human difference? How do these assumptions continue to shape the modern idea of race?

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Question 14

How did scientists who used anthropometric techniques explain human difference? What problems did these scientists have with their data collection and analysis? What do these problems imply about science's role in the social and historical creation of race?

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Question 15

How did the U.S. government's justification of Indian Removal differ from its justification for slavery? How does each of these justifications challenge the United States' Declaration of Independence? Given this challenge, why was slavery not abolished until 1865?

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Quiz 1: The Origin of the Idea of Race