Question 1

___________ sexism refers to the perception of women as holding a range of stereotypical and negative traits.

Accepted Answer

Hostile sexism is the belief that women are inferior to men and should be controlled, resulting in negative and stereotypical attitudes towards them. Aversive and negative sexism may also apply to women, but they do not necessarily involve the same degree of hostility as hostile sexism. Aggressive sexism, on the other hand, implies active and overtly harmful behaviors towards women, which is not necessarily reflected in the perception of negative traits.

Question 2

____________ sexism refers to attitudes that are very positive on the surface but deep down reflect a view of women as inferior to men.

Accepted Answer

Benevolent sexism, also known as chivalry or paternalistic sexism, involves positive attitudes towards women that are rooted in traditional gender roles and stereotypes. It reinforces the idea that women are weaker and need protection, which can ultimately limit their opportunities and abilities.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the three components of benevolent sexism?

Accepted Answer

Benevolent sexism does not include a superiority complex as one of its components. Instead, it is characterized by paternalism, gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy, which are seen as positive or protective attitudes towards women that nonetheless serve to justify women's subordinate status to men.

Question 4

What does 'paternalism' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Paternalism refers to the attitudes, practices, and beliefs that suggest paternal authority or control over someone who is considered to be in need of guidance, protection, or support. In the context of gender, paternalistic attitudes suggest that women are weaker and more vulnerable than men and therefore require male protection or guidance. Option B best reflects this definition. Options A, C, and D are not accurate definitions of paternalism.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about benevolent sexists is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Benevolent sexists view women positively, but only if they conform to traditional gender stereotypes (such as being nurturing, passive, and domestic). Despite their seemingly positive attitudes toward women, their beliefs can still limit women's opportunities and perpetuate gender inequality.

Question 6

Glick and colleagues (1997) found that men high in ambivalent sexism who were asked to think about a woman transcending traditional roles reported feelings such as:

Accepted Answer

Men high in ambivalent sexism hold both positive and negative feelings towards women. When asked to think about a woman transcending traditional roles, they may feel fear due to the woman challenging traditional gender norms and potentially taking power away from men. They may also feel envy because the woman is succeeding in a way that challenges their own beliefs about gender roles. Therefore, the best choice is C, fear and envy.

Question 7

What is 'heterosexual intimacy' in the context of benevolent sexism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is 'heterosexual intimacy' in the context...

Question 8

Define 'ambivalent sexism'.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define 'ambivalent sexism'....

Question 9

What are the three components of benevolent sexism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the three components of benevolent...

Question 10

What type of personality was proposed by Adorno and colleagues (1950) to explain the development and expression of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of personality was proposed by...

Question 11

A(n) ____________ personality is characterized by a tendency to express prejudice towards a whole range of minority groups, particularly those perceived as lower status or weak in a society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ____________ personality is characterized by a...

Question 12

According to a leading personality account of prejudice, individuals who are reared by very strict parents do not get the opportunity to express the ____________ that Freud argued naturally arises in humans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a leading personality account of...

Question 13

Adorno and colleagues (1950) created a(n) ________-scale which correlates with participants' levels of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adorno and colleagues (1950) created a(n) ________-scale...

Question 14

What are the limitations of the F-scale created by Adorno and colleagues in 1950?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the limitations of the F-scale...

Question 15

Adorno proposed a personality theory of prejudice based on the idea that people vary in the degree to which they desire a hierarchy of inequality in society.

Accepted Answer

Adorno's theory of prejudice, known as the Authoritarian Personality Theory, suggests that prejudice stems from an individual's personality structure, particularly those with authoritarian tendencies, rather than a desire for a hierarchy of inequality.

Question 16

People high in SDO (social dominance orientation) are more likely to support views that dominant groups deserve their perceived superiority.

Accepted Answer

People who score high in SDO tend to believe in hierarchical social systems and see dominant groups as more deserving of power and status.

Question 17

The F-scale (Adorno et al., 1950) was created based on a sample composed by an equal number of white and black participants.

Accepted Answer

The F-scale was not created with an equal number of white and black participants. In fact, there were no black participants in the initial sample used to develop the scale.

Question 18

Adorno et al.'s (1950) F-scale correlated with participants' levels of prejudice.

Accepted Answer

Adorno et al.'s (1950) F-scale is a measure of authoritarian personality traits, which have been found to be associated with higher levels of prejudice. Therefore, the F-scale typically correlates with participants' levels of prejudice.

Question 19

Adorno and colleagues (1950) created the F-scale. What does the 'F' stand for?

Accepted Answer

The 'F' in F-scale stands for Fascism.

Question 20

Which of the following psychologists is associated with the 'authoritarian personality' theory of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality theory of prejudice was developed by Adorno and his colleagues in the 1950s. They suggested that certain personality traits, such as a rigid adherence to social norms and a belief in strict hierarchical structures, could lead to the development of prejudiced attitudes towards minority groups.

Quiz 19: Interpersonal, Group, and Intergroup Processes