Question 1

The academic study of media effects developed from which of the following sources?
A) mass society and behaviorism
B) mass society and anomie
C) behaviorism and anomie
D) behaviorism and effects research

Accepted Answer

The academic study of media effects emerged primarily from the fields of mass society theory and behaviorism in the mid-20th century. Mass society theory suggested that the rise of mass media was transforming society and potentially leading to negative effects, while behaviorism focused on measuring observable behaviors and the effects of stimuli on those behaviors. These two fields came together to form the foundation of media effects research. Anomie, on the other hand, is a theory of social disorganization that is not directly related to media effects research.

Question 2

Positivism emereged from the:
A) natural sciences.
B) humanties.
C) arts.
D) social sciences.

Accepted Answer

Positivism emerged from the natural sciences, specifically from the work of Auguste Comte in the mid-19th century. Comte believed that knowledge could only be gained through scientific observation and that the natural sciences should be the model for all other branches of knowledge, including the social sciences. Thus, he developed the idea of positivism, which is the belief that knowledge can only be gained through empirical observation and scientific method.

Question 3

The Bobo doll experiment took place at which of the following universities in the 1950s and 1960s.
A) Harvard
B) Yale
C) Stanford
D) Princeton

Accepted Answer

The Bobo doll experiment was conducted at Stanford University in the 1950s and 1960s by psychologist Albert Bandura.

Question 4

Anxieties about media effects have traditionally taken all of the following forms except:
A) exposure encourages lewd behavior.
B) the mass media undermines the civilizing influence of high culture.
C) the mass media represents all individuals, including the elite.
D) the mass media represents the elite.

Accepted Answer

The anxieties about media effects have traditionally taken the forms of A) exposure encouraging lewd behavior, B) the mass media undermining the civilizing influence of high culture, and D) the mass media representing the elite. The idea that the mass media represents all individuals, including the elite, is not a common anxiety about media effects.

Question 5

H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds, which aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) on Halloween Night in October:
A) 1930.
B) 1932.
C) 1938.
D) 1940.

Accepted Answer

H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds aired on the CBS radio network on the night of October 30, 1938, narrated and directed by Orson Welles. The broadcast was done in the form of a series of simulated news bulletins that reported a Martian invasion and created widespread panic among listeners who didn't realize it was a fictional drama.

Question 6

One in ______ listeners were said to have been very frightened by the War of the Worlds broadcast, a fear that was exacerbated by the stature of the narrator.
A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Accepted Answer

The "War of the Worlds" broadcast by Orson Welles in 1938 reportedly frightened one in six listeners, partly due to Welles' authoritative narration.

Question 7

Which of the following theories proposes that the media is owned by the ruling bourgeois elite and operate in the interests of that class?
A) anomie
B) marxism
C) pluralism
D) behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Marxism proposes that the media is owned and controlled by the ruling bourgeois elite and operate in their interests. This is because the means of production of media are owned by the ruling class, who use it to shape public discourse and maintain their power and influence over society.

Question 8

Environmental harm was referred to by scholars in 1998 as:
A) green crime.
B) environmental justice.
C) environmental crime.
D) green justice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Environmental harm was referred to by scholars...

Question 9

According to the authors, pluralists argue that which of the following processes have succeeded in removing the media from state regulation and censorship.
A) deregulation
B) privatization
C) technological advancement
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Pluralists argue that all of these processes - deregulation, privatization, and technological advancement - have succeeded in removing the media from state regulation and censorship. Deregulation has decreased government control over the media, privatization has shifted ownership from the state to private entities, and technological advancements have made it easier for individuals and organizations to access and disseminate information independently from state control.

Question 10

Reception analysis was pionereed by:
A) Cesare Lombroso.
B) David Morley.
C) Jock Young.
D) Jay Blumler.

Accepted Answer

Reception analysis was pioneered by David Morley in his book "The Nationwide Audience: Structure and Decoding".

Question 11

According to the Uniform Crime Reports, there was a peak in crime in:
A) 1990.
B) 1991.
C) 1992.
D) 1993.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the Uniform Crime Reports, there...

Question 12

The theory of "mass society" emerged in which of the following centuries?
A) late 17th and early 18th
B) late18th and early 19th
C) late 19th and early 20th
D) late 20th and early 21st

Accepted Answer

The theory of "mass society" emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in response to the rapid industrialization and urbanization during this time period, as well as the growth of mass media and culture.

Question 13

The physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, who famously conducting experiments with dogs, identified as:
A) American.
B) Russian.
C) German.
D) Chinese.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist known for his work with conditioned reflexes in dogs.

Question 14

According to the authors, the endeavor to observe and measure the relationship between "cause and effect" led to a belief that criminality is not a matter of free will but is caused by which of the following?
A) biological
B) psychological
C) social disposition
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

The authors suggest that the focus on observing and measuring cause and effect led to a belief that criminality is caused by biological, psychological, and social factors. Therefore, the best choice is D - all of these.

Question 15

In 2012, the crime rate was ______ per 100,000.
A) 200.1
B) 312.5
C) 386.9
D) 747.1

Accepted Answer

The crime rate refers to the number of crimes committed per 100,000 people. Therefore, we need to look for the option that is closest to this definition. Option C has a crime rate of 386.9, which fits the criteria. Options A and B are too low, while option D is too high.

Question 16

According to mass society theorists, all of the following events made individuals feel vulnerable except:
A) industrialization.
B) urbanization.
C) the Great War.
D) the Civil War.

Accepted Answer

Mass society theorists argued that industrialization, urbanization, and the Great War created a sense of vulnerability among individuals due to the breakdown of traditional social structures and the loss of community. However, the Civil War is not typically cited as an event that contributed to this feeling of vulnerability.

Question 17

Which of the following was seen as a powerful force for controlling people's thoughts and diverting them from political action?
A) the government
B) the media
C) the people
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

The media has been seen as a powerful force for controlling people's thoughts and diverting them from political action. It has the ability to shape public opinion and can influence what topics are discussed and how they are framed. The government and the people can also have an impact on controlling thoughts and actions, but the media has an especially strong influence due to its wide reach and persuasive power.

Question 18

Cesare Lombroso studied the bodies of which of the following?
A) former athletes
B) children
C) executed criminals
D) the elderly

Accepted Answer

Cesare Lombroso studied the bodies of executed criminals in his efforts to identify physical traits that he believed were associated with criminal behavior.

Question 19

The originator of the cultural criminology approach is:
A) Russian.
B) Italian.
C) American.
D) English.

Accepted Answer

The cultural criminology approach is primarily associated with American scholars, particularly those who have focused on the interplay between cultural forces and the practices of crime and crime control.

Question 20

According to the authors, cultural criminology celebrates postmodern notions of:
A) difference.
B) diversity.
C) discontinuity.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

Cultural criminology celebrates postmodern notions of difference, diversity, and discontinuity. It rejects the idea of a single, universal truth or explanation for crime and instead embraces the idea that crime is socially constructed and shaped by cultural norms and values. As such, it seeks to understand crime within its cultural context and recognizes that different groups may have different understandings and experiences of crime.

Quiz 1: Theorizing Media and Crime

The academic study of media effects developed from which of the following sources?

Positivism emereged from the:

The Bobo doll experiment took place at which of the following universities in the 1950s and 1960s.

Anxieties about media effects have traditionally taken all of the following forms except:

H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds, which aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) on Halloween Night in October:

One in ______ listeners were said to have been very frightened by the War of the Worlds broadcast, a fear that was exacerbated by the stature of the narrator.

Which of the following theories proposes that the media is owned by the ruling bourgeois elite and operate in the interests of that class?

Environmental harm was referred to by scholars in 1998 as:

According to the authors, pluralists argue that which of the following processes have succeeded in removing the media from state regulation and censorship.

Reception analysis was pionereed by:

According to the Uniform Crime Reports, there was a peak in crime in:

The theory of "mass society" emerged in which of the following centuries?

The physiologist, Ivan Pavlov, who famously conducting experiments with dogs, identified as:

According to the authors, the endeavor to observe and measure the relationship between "cause and effect" led to a belief that criminality is not a matter of free will but is caused by which of the following?

In 2012, the crime rate was ______ per 100,000.

According to mass society theorists, all of the following events made individuals feel vulnerable except:

Which of the following was seen as a powerful force for controlling people's thoughts and diverting them from political action?

Cesare Lombroso studied the bodies of which of the following?

The originator of the cultural criminology approach is:

According to the authors, cultural criminology celebrates postmodern notions of: