Question 1

Other than the Great Transformation's challenges to the racial state, what other historical event do Omi and Winant suggest also challenged the racial state before the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

The American Civil War and Reconstruction Era challenged the racial state by abolishing slavery and granting citizenship to African Americans.

Question 2

What was the central objective of the racial reaction after the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

The central objective of the racial reaction after the 1960s was to demobilize the black and other minority movements, which had gained significant momentum during the civil rights era. This was often achieved through political, social, and economic strategies aimed at reducing the influence and power of these movements.

Question 3

The FBI's COINTELPRO is an example of how the U.S. political system

Accepted Answer

COINTELPRO was a clandestine operation carried out by the FBI from 1956 to 1971 that used unlawful and violent means to disrupt and neutralize radical minority movements, including the Civil Rights Movement and Black Panther Party, as well as white nationalist organizations. This demonstrates how the U.S. political system can use oppressive tactics to suppress dissenting voices, particularly those advocating for marginalized communities.

Question 4

When local and state politicians opposed busing children to desegregate schools by saying that it was an assault by the government on American family and community ideals , they were

Accepted Answer

Local and state politicians used code words to indirectly challenge racial themes when they opposed busing children to desegregate schools.

Question 5

Regents of UC v. Bakke was a legal challenge to affirmative action-based university admissions policies. It is invoked by neoconservatives who argue that affirmative action is an example of

Accepted Answer

The Regents of UC v. Bakke case ruled that quotas for minority admissions were unconstitutional, but allowed for race to be considered as one factor in admissions decisions. Neoconservatives often cite this case as an example of reverse racism, arguing that affirmative action unfairly gives preference to minority groups over white students.

Question 6

Reactionary racial projects that challenged the civil rights era articulations of race and racism succeeded in

Accepted Answer

Reactionary racial projects challenged the civil rights era's articulations of race and racism by rearticulating the meaning of equality and justice in a way that downplayed race and racism. They sought to move beyond race-based policies and promote color-blindness in society. This approach was a way of preserving the status quo and maintaining the dominance of the white majority, rather than truly challenging and addressing systemic racism.

Question 7

Which reactionary racial project suggested that radicalization of the black movement and its call for collective rights was an attack on American democracy and individual rights?

Accepted Answer

Neoconservatism, which emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, suggested that the radicalization of the black movement and its call for collective rights was an attack on American democracy and individual rights. Neoconservatives argued that the focus on group rights undermined the concept of individual rights and threatened to unravel the fabric of American society. This ideology was used to justify policies that limited affirmative action and other programs aimed at promoting racial equality.

Question 8

As a reactionary racial project, the new right often did all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

The new right was a reactionary racial project that aimed to reverse gains made by civil rights movements and maintain white supremacy. Therefore, it did not support the successful integration of minorities into institutional positions. The other options are consistent with the new right's racial project goals.

Question 9

Omi and Winant suggest that phrases like "Law and order," "Get tough on crime," and "family values" were used by politicians to express racial resentment in new ways. They identify these discursive examples as

Accepted Answer

Omi and Winant argue that phrases like "Law and order," "Get tough on crime," and "family values" were used as code words by politicians to express racial resentment in new ways. These phrases were not explicitly racist, but were used to evoke negative stereotypes and sentiments towards certain groups, particularly African Americans. This allowed politicians to tap into existing racial resentment without explicitly using racist language.

Question 10

What political ideology argued that since legal systems of discrimination had been dismantled, any policy or practice that encouraged special treatment based on group rights was an infringement on individual rights?

Accepted Answer

Neoconservatism argued that affirmative action and other policies aimed at promoting diversity were no longer necessary because legal systems of discrimination had been dismantled. They believed that any policy or practice that encouraged special treatment based on group rights was an infringement on individual rights.

Question 11

During the 1950s and 1960s, minority movements did all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Minority movements during the 1950s and 1960s challenged the U.S.A. to recognize and validate racially defined experience and identity, demanded the incorporation of racially defined "others," rearticulated collective black subjectivity, and attempted to democratize structurally racist institutions. They did not, however, end the use of race and racism in U.S. political and economic systems during that time period.

Question 12

Which of the following individuals were pivotal in the neoconservative movement's efforts to establish and recognize "reverse discrimination?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following individuals were pivotal...

Question 13

Omi and Winant suggest that the notion of "reverse racism" was eventually replaced by which rearticulation of race and racism in the 1980s to present?

Accepted Answer

The notion of "reverse racism" implies that racism only goes one way (i.e. from white people towards people of color) and ignores the possibility of systemic racism against marginalized groups. Colorblind racial ideology emerged in the 1980s as a rearticulation of race and racism, suggesting that colorblindness (i.e. not seeing race or racial differences) was the solution to ending racism. This ideology ignores the ongoing impacts of systemic racism and fails to address the unequal distribution of power and resources.

Quiz 7: Racial Reaction: Containment and Rearticulation