Question 1

Rick has been watching his father fib on his income tax form and has decided to lie to his parents about how much allowance his friends get. Rick's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

Rick's behavior is an example of live modeling, where he observes and imitates the actions of his father, learning through observation.

Question 2

To treat Valerie's fear of cats, her therapist asks her to watch a home video of other children playing with cats. This technique is an example of

Accepted Answer

Symbolic modeling involves observing others (in this case, through a video) engaging in the desired behavior without the observer directly interacting with the situation. Watching a video of children playing with cats is an example of symbolic modeling, as Valerie is learning through observation rather than direct participation.

Question 3

Cognitive-behavioral training can be especially effective for which of these clients?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral training is effective for clients who are seeking to overcome fears and inhibitions, which is the case with Bill in this scenario. It may not be as effective for clients with more severe mental illnesses such as Carla's delusions and hallucinations or Ted's antisocial personality disorder. Additionally, Iris's behavior may suggest a somatic symptom disorder, which may require a different approach to treatment.

Question 4

Ellen's therapist gives her homework assignments. In one of them, she practiced standing up for herself by expressing her opinions and making some reasonable requests. What technique is Ellen's therapist using?

Accepted Answer

Ellen's therapist is using assertiveness training, which aims to teach individuals how to express their opinions, feelings, and requests in an appropriate and effective manner. This technique can help individuals improve their communication skills and increase their self-confidence.

Question 5

What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral group therapy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral...

Question 6

Which perspective was used as the basis for the first group therapy sessions?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective was the basis for the first group therapy sessions, which were led by Sigmund Freud and his students. They believed that individuals' behavior and emotions are shaped by unconscious thoughts and conflicts, and that exploring these dynamics in group settings could lead to insight and healing.

Question 7

What does the family therapist encourage the family to do as part of the therapy?

Accepted Answer

Family therapy is focused on the overall dynamic of the family as a system, rather than solely on individual problems. Therefore, the family therapist encourages the family to achieve a balance between being individuals and being a group. This means that each family member should be respected and allowed to express their individuality, while also being part of the family unit and working towards common goals. This can help to promote a healthier family dynamic and reduce conflict.

Question 8

What is the guiding principle of family therapy?

Accepted Answer

The guiding principle of family therapy is that the family itself is a system with its own unique characteristics and disorders, and that by treating the family as a whole, rather than just individual members, positive changes can be made in the family's dynamics and functioning. Family therapy aims to identify and address patterns of communication, behavior, and interaction within the family that may be contributing to dysfunction, and work towards more healthy and effective ways of relating to one another.

Question 9

A secretary is transcribing the notes of a therapist who just finished a session. The notes include several references to "transactional patterns." What form of therapy was involved?

Accepted Answer

Transactional patterns are often discussed in the context of family therapy, where the focus is on the interactions and dynamics within the family system.

Question 10

Marital therapy is viewed as a subtype of

Accepted Answer

Marital therapy involves working with couples to improve communication, resolve conflicts, and strengthen their relationship. It addresses issues specific to the couple's dynamic, which falls under the umbrella of family therapy. The other options listed are not directly related to the goals and techniques of marital therapy.

Question 11

Which of the following involves a group of patients working together in therapy?

Accepted Answer

Psychodrama involves a group of patients working together in therapy. In psychodrama, patients act out personal scenarios and engage in role-playing exercises where other patients take on roles to help them explore their emotions and experiences. Gestalt therapy and existential therapy may be conducted in a group setting, but they do not necessarily involve patients working together in therapy in the same way that psychodrama does. Fixed-role therapy is not a widely recognized form of therapy.

Question 12

In contrast to behavioral therapy, psychodrama involves

Accepted Answer

Psychodrama involves more spontaneity compared to behavioral therapy, which involves a more structured approach to therapy.

Question 13

About how many different types of psychological therapy are currently in use for adult disorders?

Accepted Answer

There are approximately 400 different types of psychological therapies in use for adult disorders. This diversity reflects the wide range of theoretical backgrounds and approaches to treatment within the field of psychology.

Question 14

When former therapy clients are asked to specify which aspects of therapy were most helpful to them, how did the answers of clients who had gone through behavior therapy compare to the answers of clients who had gone through psychodynamic therapy?

Accepted Answer

Both groups of clients, regardless of the type of therapy they underwent, often report similar factors as being helpful, such as the therapeutic relationship, feeling understood and supported, and gaining insights into their behavior and thoughts. This suggests that common factors across different therapeutic approaches may play a significant role in their effectiveness.

Question 15

Why are control groups used in therapy outcome studies?

Accepted Answer

Control groups are used in therapy outcome studies to rule out the possibility of alternative explanations of positive outcomes. By having a group that does not receive the treatment being studied, researchers can compare the outcomes of those who received the treatment to those who did not, and determine if the treatment itself was responsible for any observed changes. This helps to ensure that any positive outcomes are truly a result of the treatment being studied and not due to other factors, such as placebo effects or natural recovery.

Question 16

Researchers who conduct therapy outcome studies attempt to rule out alternative explanations for positive outcomes by making sure that their research involves

Accepted Answer

Control groups are used to establish a baseline for comparison and to rule out alternative explanations for positive outcomes. They help ensure that any changes in the therapy group are a result of the treatment being studied and not due to factors such as natural recovery or placebo effects. Large sample sizes, clear definitions of treatments, and participant selection are also important considerations in therapy outcome studies, but control groups are the primary method for ruling out alternative explanations.

Question 17

A psychiatrist is discussing the treatment options for your uncle who a court has determined to be unable to make treatment decisions. As his guardian you are charged with making such decisions. One of the options for treating your uncle's depression is electroconvulsive therapy; however, you want to know the side effects. What major side effect will the psychiatrist mention?

Accepted Answer

The major side effect of electroconvulsive therapy is memory problems, which can include both short-term and long-term memory loss. Insomnia, delusional thinking, and heightened fear reactions are not typically associated with this treatment.

Question 18

A Professor of Psychiatry at University School of Medicine is describing changes that have occurred in the administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which of the following will be included in her discussion?

Accepted Answer

Anesthetics and muscle relaxants are now used in the administration of ECT to reduce the potential for physical harm to the patient during the seizure.

Question 19

Which of the following would be prescribed for a person diagnosed with bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly prescribed for individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder. MAO inhibitors are not typically used to treat bipolar disorder and can potentially interact with other medications and foods. Phenothiazines and benzodiazepines may be used for short-term management of bipolar symptoms, but lithium is considered the preferred long-term treatment option.

Question 20

Which of the following is likely to be prescribed to treat anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are a class of medications commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. They work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA, which has a calming effect on the brain. Antipsychotics, MAO inhibitors, and antimanic medications are used to treat other mental health conditions and are not commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders.

Quiz 3: The Therapeutic Enterprise: Choices, Techniques, Evaluation