Question 1

In a study of public opinion on environmental issues, sociologist Riley Dunlap found that public awareness of the seriousness of environmental problems and support for environmental protection __________.

Accepted Answer

According to the study conducted by sociologist Riley Dunlap, public awareness of the seriousness of environmental problems and support for environmental protection increased dramatically between the late 1960s and the 1990s.

Question 2

__________ is measured through polls and surveys, which use research methods such as interviews and questionnaires. It varies widely based on race/ethnicity, religion, region, social class, education level, sex/gender, and age.

Accepted Answer

Public opinion is the measurement of the attitudes, beliefs, and values held by members of the public on various issues, policies, and leaders. It can be collected through various methods such as surveys and polls, and can differ based on various demographic factors such as race, religion, region, class, education, gender, and age.

Question 3

According to the text, social movements __________.

Accepted Answer

The text states that social movements are more likely to develop in industrialized societies than in preindustrial ones. This implies that they do exist in both, but are more prevalent in industrialized societies. The other options are not supported by the text.

Question 4

When sociologist Kai Erikson pointed out that people face a "new species of trouble," he was referring to __________.

Accepted Answer

Kai Erikson was referring to technological disasters, such as toxic chemical pollution or radiation leakage, as a "new species of trouble." He argued that these disasters pose unique challenges because they are largely man-made and preventable, yet their effects can be catastrophic and long-lasting.

Question 5

__________ movements seek to bring about a total change in society. These movements usually do not attempt to work within the existing system; rather, they aim to remake the system by replacing existing institutions with new ones.

Accepted Answer

Revolutionary movements seek to bring about a total change in society by replacing existing institutions with new ones. They do not attempt to work within the existing system but rather aim to remake the system entirely. Reform movements aim to make changes within the existing system, while alternative movements seek to create alternative institutions within the existing system. Religious (expressive) movements focus on individual transformation and spiritual enlightenment rather than systemic change.

Question 6

The terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., on September 11, 2001, are examples of __________ movements.

Accepted Answer

The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, were carried out by individuals part of al-Qaeda, a radical extremist group with the goals of overthrowing Western influence in the Middle East and establishing a pan-Islamic caliphate. This aligns with the definition of a revolutionary movement, which seeks to fundamentally transform existing social, political, or economic systems.

Question 7

__________ consists of the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.

Accepted Answer

Public opinion is the collection of beliefs and attitudes held by ordinary citizens that are communicated to decision makers through various channels like polls, surveys, and feedback mechanisms. It forms the backbone of democratic governance, and policymakers often take into account public opinion when making important decisions impacting all segments of society.

Question 8

__________ movements seek to produce radical change in individuals and are typically based on spiritual or supernatural belief systems. They are concerned with renovating or renewing people through "inner change."

Accepted Answer

Religious (expressive) movements seek to produce radical change in individuals by focusing on inner change through spiritual or supernatural belief systems. These movements are often concerned with renewing or renovating people at a personal level through religious or spiritual experiences.

Question 9

__________ movements seek to improve society by changing some specific aspect of the social structure. Members usually work within the existing system to attempt to change existing public policy so that it more adequately reflects their own value system.

Accepted Answer

Reform movements seek to make changes within the existing system or structure. They work to change public policy in order to better align it with their values or beliefs. This is in contrast to revolutionary movements, which seek to completely overthrow the existing system, or alternative movements which offer an entirely new way of organizing society. Resistance movements, also called regressive movements, work to resist or undo changes that have already been made.

Question 10

Recently, a variety of "New Age" movements have directed people's behavior by emphasizing spiritual consciousness combined with a belief in reincarnation and astrology. This is an example of __________ movements.

Accepted Answer

The description fits with the characteristics of alternative movements, which typically challenge dominant cultural norms and offer alternative beliefs, practices, and lifestyles. The emphasis on spiritual consciousness, reincarnation, and astrology suggests a rejection of mainstream Western religious traditions and an adoption of alternative spiritual beliefs.

Question 11

Radical terrorists who use fear tactics to intimidate those with whom they disagree ideologically is an example of __________ movements.

Accepted Answer

Revolutionary movements seek to overthrow the existing government or social order in pursuit of significant and fundamental change. Radical terrorists fit this definition as they seek to upend the current political and social system through violent means. Religious (expressive) movements, alternative movements, and reform movements may also use fear tactics, but their goals and tactics differ from those of revolutionary movements.

Question 12

Some religious movements are __________, that is, they forecast that "the end is near" and assert that an immediate change in behavior is imperative.

Accepted Answer

Millenarian movements are characterized by a belief in an imminent apocalyptic event or radical transformation of society, often accompanied by a call for immediate action or behavioral change. This belief is often based on a particular interpretation of religious texts or prophesies.

Question 13

__________ movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ movements seek limited change in some...

Question 14

__________ movements seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred.

Accepted Answer

Resistance movements seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred.

Question 15

Sociologist __________ asserted that fashion serves mainly to institutionalize conspicuous consumption among the wealthy.

Accepted Answer

Thorstein Veblen, a sociologist, introduced the concept of "conspicuous consumption," which refers to the practice of using material goods and services to demonstrate one's wealth and social status. In his book "The Theory of the Leisure Class," he argued that fashion serves as a way for the wealthy to distinguish themselves from the lower classes by displaying their ability to afford expensive, trendy clothing and accessories. This institutionalization of conspicuous consumption helps to maintain and reinforce social hierarchies based on wealth and status.

Question 16

Which statement concerning social movements is false?

Accepted Answer

Social movements cannot be easily categorized by their ideology as they often encompass a wide range of beliefs and goals.

Question 17

The Weathermen was a radical group that was recognizable for many robberies and bombings of buildings. They could be classified as what type of movement?

Accepted Answer

The Weathermen were a radical, left-wing group that believed in revolutionary change through violent means, as evidenced by their robberies and bombings. They sought to overthrow the existing political and economic system rather than reform it, so they would be classified as a revolutionary movement.

Question 18

As the masses attempt to influence elites and vice versa, a two-way process occurs with the dissemination of __________ ,which is information provided by individuals or groups that have a vested interest in furthering their own cause or damaging an opposing one.

Accepted Answer

The dissemination of propaganda is a two-way process in which both elites and the masses attempt to influence each other through the spread of biased or misleading information. Propaganda is generally created and disseminated by individuals or groups with a vested interest in furthering their own cause or damaging an opposing one.

Question 19

__________ is an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action. It differs from collective behavior because it tends to be longer lasting, is more organized, and has specific goals or purposes.

Accepted Answer

A social movement is an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action. It has specific goals or purposes, tends to be longer-lasting, and is more organized than collective behavior. A revolution is a type of social movement that seeks to overthrow an existing political or social order. Civil disobedience is a tactic used by social movements, but it is not a type of social movement in and of itself. An interest collectivity is a group of people who share a common interest or goal, but they do not necessarily engage in collective action to promote or resist change.

Question 20

Examples of __________ include labor movements, animal rights movements, antinuclear movements, Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD), and the disability rights movement.

Accepted Answer

Reform movements seek to make changes within the existing system or structure, rather than overthrowing it entirely. Examples listed, such as labor and animal rights movements, aim to reform existing laws or policies to improve conditions for those involved.

Quiz 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change.