Question 1

In which cultural group is good health considered to be a balance between yin and yang?

Accepted Answer

In Chinese health beliefs,the forces termed yin and yang must be kept in balance to maintain health.The belief in this balance is not consistent with Australian aborigines,Native Americans,or African-Americans.

Question 2

When minority groups immigrate to another country,a certain degree of cultural or ethnic blending occurs through the involuntary process of:

Accepted Answer

Acculturation is the gradual changes that are produced in a culture by the influence of another culture that cause one or both cultures to become more similar.The minority culture is forced to learn the majority culture to survive.Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's way of living and behaving is the best way.This includes the emotional attitude that the values,beliefs,and perceptions of one's ethnic group are superior to those of others.This would limit the blending.Culture shock is the helpless feeling and state of disorientation felt by an outsider attempting to adapt to a different culture group.This would limit the blending.Cultural sensitivity is an awareness of cultural similarities and differences.The nurse should develop the dynamics of cultural sensitivity to provide culturally competent care.

Question 3

Maria,a Spanish-speaking 5-year-old girl,has started kindergarten in an English-speaking school.Crying most of the time,she appears helpless and unable to function in this new situation.Which description best explains Maria's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Culture shock is the helpless feeling and state of disorientation felt by an outsider attempting to adapt to a different culture group.Her inability to speak English inhibits her ability to interact.This would explain Maria's inability to function in this new situation.There is no evidence to support that Maria lacks adequate culture or maturity needed in school,or that she is experiencing minority group discrimination.

Question 4

The father of a hospitalized child tells the nurse,"He can't have meat.We are Buddhist and vegetarians." The nurse's best intervention is to:

Accepted Answer

It is essential for the nurse to respect the religious practices of the child and family.The nurse should arrange a dietary consult to ensure that nutritionally complete vegetarian meals are prepared by the hospital kitchen.It is not necessary to ask a Buddhist priest to visit.The nurse should be able to arrange for a vegetarian tray.The nurse should not encourage the child and parent to go against their religious beliefs.Nutritionally complete,acceptable vegetarian meals should be provided.

Question 5

The nurse discovers welts on the back of a Vietnamese child during a home health visit.The child's mother says she has rubbed the edge of a coin on her child's oiled skin.What explanation should the nurse recognize about this?

Accepted Answer

Rubbing the edge of a coin on a child's oiled skin is descriptive of coining.The welts are created by repeatedly rubbing a coin on the child's oiled skin.The mother is attempting to rid the child's body of disease.The mother was engaged in an attempt to heal the child.This is not child abuse or discipline.

Question 6

A nurse is caring for an African-American child recently admitted to the hospital.The nurse should be aware of which broad cultural characteristics for this child when planning care? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A nurse should be aware of the African-American broad cultural characteristics,which include: initial eye contact to show respect; maintaining eye contact can be viewed as aggressive,silence may indicate a lack of trust,and illness may be seen as the "will of God." Self-care and folk medicine are prevalent in this culture,and importance is placed on nonverbal behavior.

Question 7

Which term best describes a group of people who share a set of values,beliefs,practices,social relationships,law,politics,economics,and norms of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Culture is a pattern of assumptions,beliefs,and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people.A culture is composed of individuals who share a set of values,beliefs,and practices that serve as a frame of reference for individual perceptions and judgments.Race is defined as a division of mankind possessing traits that are transmissible by descent and are sufficient to characterize it as a distinct human type.Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural,social,and linguistic heritage.A social group consists of systems of roles carried out in groups.Examples of primary social groups include the family and peer groups.

Question 8

A nurse is taking a history on a low-income Hispanic toddler.The parent tells the nurse that occasional diarrhea is treated with azogue,a mercury compound commonly used in the parent's native Mexico.What should the nurse recognize about this remedy?

Accepted Answer

The ingestion of mercury is extremely dangerous for children.Solutions containing mercury are not harmless.The nurse should work with folk healers or respected members of the culture to teach the family of the dangers of mercury ingestion.No scientific basis exists for the use of mercury to treat diarrhea.

Question 9

The Vietnamese mother of a child being seen in the clinic avoids eye contact with the nurse.The best explanation for this,considering cultural differences,is that the parent:

Accepted Answer

In some ethnic groups,eye contact is avoided.In the Vietnamese culture,an individual may not look directly into the nurse's eyes as a sign of respect.The nurse providing culturally competent care would recognize that feeling responsible for the illness,feeling inferior,or embarrassment are not reasons for the mother to avoid eye contact with the nurse.

Question 10

Which term best describes the emotional attitude that one's own ethnic group is superior to others?

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's way of living and behaving is the best way.This includes the emotional attitude that the values,beliefs,and perceptions of one's ethnic group are superior to those of others.Culture is a pattern of assumptions,beliefs,and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people.A culture is composed of individuals who share a set of values,beliefs,and practices that serves as a frame of reference for individual perception and judgments.Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural,social,and linguistic heritage.Superiority is the state or quality of being superior; it does not include ethnicity.

Question 11

A young child from Mexico is hospitalized for a serious illness.The father tells the nurse that the child is being punished by God for being bad.The nurse should recognize that this is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A common health belief in the Mexican-American cultural group is that health is controlled by the environment,fate,and the will of God.The father's comment has no relation to child abuse.The father would not misunderstand the family's beliefs.It is a cultural belief that health is controlled by the environment,fate,and the will of God.Mexicans may use the services of curandero (healers),not fortune tellers.

Question 12

A nurse is working in a clinic that serves a culturally diverse population of children.The nurse should plan care,understanding that which complementary and alternative practices may be used by families of this diverse population? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The curandero (male)or curandera (female)of the Mexican-American community is believed to have healing powers that are a gift from God.The Asian family may consult an herbalist,knowledgeable in medicines,or perhaps a specialized practitioner of Asian therapies,including acupuncture (insertion of needles)or acupressure (application of pressure).Native Hawaiians consult kahunas and practice ho'oponopono to heal family imbalance or disputes.The nurse may encounter use of these practices.Consulting another doctor would not be a complementary or alternative practice expected in a culturally diverse population.

Question 13

A Hispanic toddler has pneumonia.The nurse notices that the parent consistently feeds the child only the broth that comes on the clear liquid tray.Food items,such as Jell-O,Popsicle,and juices are left.Which statement would best explain this?

Accepted Answer

In several groups,including Filipino,Chinese,Arabic,and Hispanic cultures,hot and cold describe certain properties completely unrelated to temperature.Respiratory conditions such as pneumonia are "cold" conditions and are treated with "hot" foods.The parent may be trying to feed the child only what the child likes most,but it is unlikely that a toddler would consistently prefer the broth to Jell-O,Popsicle,and juice.The evil eye applies to a state of imbalance of health,not curative actions.Chinese individuals believe in chi as an innate energy.

Question 14

Research is being done on the development of assets in children.A community that is supportive of children has which external assets? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Young people need to feel valued by their community and able to contribute to others.They need to feel safe and secure.They also need boundaries to help set expectations and actions.To develop appropriately,children need boundaries and expectations.With these,they will learn what is expected of them and what behaviors are acceptable to the community.Social competencies to make positive choices and boundaries to set expectations and actions are internal assets that,when developed,help the child make positive choices.

Question 15

Which is a frequent health problem of migrant children and adolescents in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The rate of tuberculosis among migrant families is high.A high-risk factor for the children of migrant families is the migration of the families from areas that have high prevalence of tuberculosis; significant health issues,suicide,diabetes,and cardiovascular disease are not more prevalent in this population.

Question 16

A nurse is planning care for a Spanish-speaking child and family.The nurse speaks limited Spanish.Which interventions should the nurse plan when caring for this child and family? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

If a live interpreter is not available,the nurse should use a language line telephone interpreter.The nurse should use cards with common greetings,phrases,and names of body parts in the family's language.When using a hospital interpreter,the nurse should speak directly to the family and allow the interpreter to translate.Visitors or other family members should not be used as interpreters because of the risk of misinterpretation of medical terms.

Question 17

The nurse observes that the families who do not show up for scheduled clinic appointments are usually from minority cultural groups.The best explanation for this is that these families often differ from the dominant culture because they:

Accepted Answer

Each cultural group has different conceptions of time and waiting.The dominant culture in the United States has a fairly rigid view of time.Other cultures may be late or miss activities because other issues take precedence over the appointment.Education is not the issue.It is the concept of time in the cultural group.It is not done to avoid health care.The family usually believes that the appointment can be made for a later time.The family does not forget the time,but other issues take priority.

Question 18

Children are taught the values of their culture through observation and feedback,relative to their own behavior.In teaching a class on cultural competence,the nurse should be aware that which factor(s)may be culturally determined? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Degree of competition,determination of status,and social roles are all factors that are determined by the assumptions,beliefs,and practices of the members of the culture.In cultures that value individual resourcefulness,competition would be acceptable.Status is culturally determined and varies according to each culture.Some will ascribe higher status to age or socioeconomic status.Social roles also are influenced by the culture.Race and culture are two distinct attributes.The racial grouping describes transmissible traits,whereas the culture is determined by the pattern of assumptions,beliefs,and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people.Cultural development may be limited by geographic boundaries.It is not the boundaries that are culturally determined.

Question 19

The belief that health is "a state of harmony with nature and the universe" is common in which culture?

Accepted Answer

Many cultures ascribe attributes of health to natural forces.Many individuals of the Native-American culture view health as a state of harmony with nature and the universe.This belief is not consistent with the Japanese,African-American,or Hispanic-American cultural groups.

Question 20

Currently,the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population in the United States consists of:

Accepted Answer

Homeless individuals lack resources and community ties necessary to provide for their own adequate shelter.One of the most pressing problems in the United States is the rapidly growing number of homeless families,which currently account for 50% of the nation's homeless."Runaway" (or throwaway)adolescents are often victims of physical and social abuse.Although it is a significant issue,this is not the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population.Migrant farm workers form one of the most severely disadvantaged groups in the United States.They have a mobile existence,which is detrimental for children.They do not constitute the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population.Individuals with mental disorders may be homeless.They do not constitute the fastest-growing segment of the homeless population.

Quiz 4: Social,Cultural,and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion