Question 1

The stem cell lines "approved" for federal funding under the Bush administration were _________ and thus,for all practical purposes there was no _________ for stem cell research in the United States during that time.
A)contaminated,federal funding
B)cancerous,federal funding
C)potentially harmful or deadly,ethical justification
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The stem cell lines approved for federal funding under the Bush administration were found to be contaminated, which significantly limited the practical availability of federal funding for stem cell research in the United States during that time.

Question 2

Dr.Chenet has enough research funding to be conducting research at multiple facilities.When he applies for renewal of his grants and is questioned about some of his data from university A,he tells his reviewers that the data in question are from University B.When the administration of University B has questions about a recent publication,Dr.Chenet tells them that the data in question are from University A's research center.Unfortunately for Dr.Chenet,the University administrators and the grant reviewers have a conference call and are puzzled as to where data are being collected and on which subjects.It is beginning to be apparent that Dr.Chenet is engaging in:
A)Deception
B)Fabrication
C)Plagiarism
D)Deceptive manipulation of results

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Chenet has enough research funding to be...

Question 3

Deception is used in some research in order to:
A)Help control for placebo effects
B)Help aid in double-blind procedures
C)Control for subject's responses that might be altered by the participant's knowledge
D)Increase the probability of socially desirable responding

Accepted Answer

Deception is often used in research to control for subjects' responses that might be altered if the participants were fully aware of the true nature or purpose of the study. This helps in obtaining genuine reactions or behaviors.

Question 4

All of the following are arguments for studying animals in psychological and medical research except:
A)It is not necessary to pay attention to the quality of housing of animals as long as they have food and water.
B)Almost every medical advance in the twentieth century has come from the study of laboratory animals.
C)It is possible to control the environment and experiences of animals.
D)Most animals that are used have short life spans,which might be advantageous for developmental studies.

Accepted Answer

The argument that it is not necessary to pay attention to the quality of housing of animals is not a valid argument for studying animals in psychological and medical research. In fact, the ethical and humane treatment of animals in research is important and necessary.

Question 5

Dr.Schaffer is interested in studying the link between social activities and grades in school.Students in his classes are all required to complete survey forms related to this research.If a survey form is not completed by the end of the semester a student's grade is reduced by 10 points but the students were not told of this contingency.In this case,it could be argued that Dr.Schaffer's research violates the ethical principle of:
A)Deception
B)Informed consent
C)Coercion
D)Full disclosure

Accepted Answer

The students were not informed about the penalty for not completing the survey, which means they did not give informed consent to participate under those conditions.

Question 6

Stem cells have been used to successfully treat all of the following except:
A)Tumors
B)Growth of human organs
C)Heart disease
D)Spinal cord injury

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stem cells have been used to successfully...

Question 7

Animal rights activists may be making headway in their efforts,since in the last 30 years:
A)More studies use computer simulations instead of actual animal subjects
B)The number of subjects used in animal research has declined significantly
C)More research is being done with just tissue cultures
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All three options have been increasing in popularity in the last 30 years as alternatives to animal testing. Computer simulations and tissue cultures have been developed and utilized more frequently, leading to a decrease in the number of animal subjects used in research. These changes indicate progress in the animal rights movement.

Question 8

Liz is part of a chemistry lab group but has missed all of the sessions required to produce the required lab report.Her lab partners prepare the report,and Liz puts her name on it as one of the participants.Liz is engaged in the act known as:
A)Fabrication
B)Plagiarism
C)Deception
D)More than one of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liz is part of a chemistry lab...

Question 9

Which of the following would be considered an example of plagiarism?
A)Failing to give credit by including proper references
B)Copying text without identifying the material as a quoted passage
C)Using your own words to rephrase part of an article without citations
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All three options given in the question are examples of plagiarism. Failing to give credit by including proper references and copying text without identifying as a quoted passage are both considered direct plagiarism, while using own words to rephrase part of an article without citations is considered as accidental or unintentional plagiarism (also known as paraphrasing without proper attribution). All forms of plagiarism are unethical and considered significant violations of academic integrity.

Question 10

Which of the following has been attributed to more extreme animal rights activists?
A)Death threats to researchers and car bombings
B)Release of laboratory animals
C)Destruction of laboratory equipment and records
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the listed actions have been attributed to more extreme animal rights activists. Death threats and car bombings have been reported in cases where animal testing is being carried out, while the release of laboratory animals and destruction of equipment and records have been used as means of protest.

Question 11

While researchers feel it is more ethical for animals to experience suffering than humans,animal rights activists argue that this is an unacceptable and biased viewpoint called:
A)Racism
B)Antiethics
C)Speciesism
D)Ethical blindness

Accepted Answer

Speciesism refers to the belief that humans are superior to other animals and therefore have the right to use them for their own purposes, including experimentation and testing. Animal rights activists argue that this viewpoint is biased and unacceptable, as it fails to take into account the suffering and rights of non-human animals.

Question 12

If you "fudge" some of your data to make them come out as expected,you are committing:
A)Fabrication
B)Deceptive manipulation of results
C)Plagiarism
D)Intentional deception

Accepted Answer

Fabrication is the act of making up data or results.

Question 13

All of the following are reasons that human research has generated less controversy than animal research except:
A)Humans can refuse to participate in studies.
B)Scientists are more restrained when they design human studies,and pay more attention to ethical guidelines.
C)There is a current shift from clinical studies to basic research,so humans will be less involved in future studies.
D)Humans have the option of bringing lawsuits if they feel they have been mistreated.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect as there is no current shift from clinical studies to basic research. In fact, clinical studies involving human participants still make up a significant portion of research in various fields. The other options are all valid reasons why human research has generated less controversy than animal research.

Question 14

Fabrication is particularly dangerous for all of the following reasons except:
A)It introduces erroneous information into the body of scientific knowledge.
B)It sidetracks researchers from following more productive lines of research.
C)It is impossible to detect.
D)It can delay therapeutic progress in clinical research.

Accepted Answer

Fabrication is not impossible to detect, in fact, it is often discovered through peer review and replication of research results. Therefore, fabrication is not particularly dangerous because it can be caught and corrected.

Question 15

Which of the following is a criticism of using animals in research?
A)Too many animals have been used,particularly in the past.
B)Researchers engage in "speciesism."
C)Scientists use procedures that are painful or distressing because it is easier to do in animals than humans.
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are valid criticisms of using animals in research. The overuse of animals in past experiments is a concern for some, and others criticize researchers for prioritizing human needs over the wellbeing of animals. Additionally, some procedures can be considered inhumane or painful for animals.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Deception has never been used in psychological research.
B)Although deception has been used in the past,it has been banned by the American Psychological Association.
C)In recent decades,there has been a steady increase in the use of deception in psychological research.
D)The American Psychological Association has stated that deception is acceptable only if the study's value justifies it and alternatives are not available.

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association (APA) has stated that deception is acceptable only if the study's value justifies it and alternatives are not available. Deception has been used in the past, but it has not been banned by the APA. In recent decades, there has been increased scrutiny of the use of deception in psychological research, but it is still accepted under certain conditions.

Question 17

The vast majority of animal research subjects are:
A)Primates
B)Rodents
C)Cats
D)Dogs

Accepted Answer

The vast majority of animal research subjects are rodents, specifically mice and rats. This is because they are easily reproducing, have a short lifespan, and have genetic similarities to humans making them valuable models for research. While primates, cats, and dogs are used in some research, they are far less common than rodents.

Question 18

The United States Food and Drug Administration has assessed sizable fines for ethical violations in ___ involving ___.
A)animal research,unnecessary animal suffering
B)gene therapy,less than full informed consent
C)drug research and development,less than full informed consent
D)organ transplant research,failure to identify xenoviruses

Accepted Answer

The answer of The United States Food and Drug Administration...

Question 19

If you claim someone else's writing or research results as your own,you are committing:
A)Theft by deception
B)Fabrication of your results
C)Plagiarism
D)Intentional deception

Accepted Answer

Plagiarism involves using someone else's work, ideas, or expressions without proper attribution and presenting it as one's own. It is considered a serious ethical violation in academic and research settings. Theft by deception and intentional deception are broader terms that may include plagiarism but can also refer to other forms of dishonesty or fraud. Fabrication of results involves making up data or findings and presenting them as real. While it is also unethical, it is not the same as plagiarism.

Question 20

The American Association for the Advancement of Science has called for a moratorium on:
A)Genetic engineering experiments with human subjects
B)Research on human stem cell research
C)Research on cross-species organ transplantation
D)Gene therapy that could result in inheritable genetic changes

Accepted Answer

The only option that the American Association for the Advancement of Science has called for a moratorium on is gene therapy that could result in inheritable genetic changes. This is due to ethical concerns and the potential risks of unintended consequences.

Quiz 4: The Methods and Ethics of Research

The stem cell lines "approved" for federal funding under the Bush administration were _ and thus,for all practical purposes there was no _ for stem cell research in the United States during that time.

Deception is used in some research in order to:

All of the following are arguments for studying animals in psychological and medical research except:

Stem cells have been used to successfully treat all of the following except:

Animal rights activists may be making headway in their efforts,since in the last 30 years:

Liz is part of a chemistry lab group but has missed all of the sessions required to produce the required lab report.Her lab partners prepare the report,and Liz puts her name on it as one of the participants.Liz is engaged in the act known as:

Which of the following would be considered an example of plagiarism?

Which of the following has been attributed to more extreme animal rights activists?

While researchers feel it is more ethical for animals to experience suffering than humans,animal rights activists argue that this is an unacceptable and biased viewpoint called:

If you "fudge" some of your data to make them come out as expected,you are committing:

All of the following are reasons that human research has generated less controversy than animal research except:

Fabrication is particularly dangerous for all of the following reasons except:

Which of the following is a criticism of using animals in research?

Which of the following statements is true?

The vast majority of animal research subjects are:

The United States Food and Drug Administration has assessed sizable fines for ethical violations in _ involving _.

If you claim someone else's writing or research results as your own,you are committing:

The American Association for the Advancement of Science has called for a moratorium on: