Question 1

DNA is synthesized in a 5' - 3' direction during replication. That is, the 5' end of each new strand is laid down first. Why is it necessary, as DNA unwinds to replicate, to have one strand synthesized continuously and the other synthesized in short fragments that are later linked into long chains?

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Question 2

Very rarely, DNA polymerase makes mistakes and during replication inserts a "wrong" (non-complementary) nucleotide into the new DNA strand (e.g., inserts a G opposite a T). What are the consequences of such errors?

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Question 3

In bacteria, there is direct evidence that DNA is the carrier of genetic information. What evidence is available to support this conclusion in humans or other higher organisms?

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Question 4

A _______________ molecule connects two ribose sugars together in an RNA molecule.

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Question 5

The type of chemical bond that holds together adenine and thymine in the middle of a DNA molecule is a ________________ bond.

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Question 6

What role might nucleosomes play in chromosome structure? What are the dimensions of the problem in packing a diploid amount of DNA into a typical nucleus?

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Question 7

RNA molecules have two definably different ends: a head (the 5') and a tail (the 3'). Do DNA molecules similarly have head and tail ends? Why or why not?

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Question 8

Describe the chemical composition and structure of DNA.

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Question 9

The woman scientist who made a major contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA was _____________________.

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Question 10

What are the properties of genes that must be accounted for in proposing DNA or any other molecule as a carrier of genetic information?

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Question 11

Describe the structure of nucleosomes.

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Question 12

Both ________________ and _________________ have a two-ringed chemical structure.

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Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: The structure of DNA
The genetic material is DNA, not protein
Transforming factor can be transferred between dead and living bacteria
In a DNA molecule, the amount of adenine equals the amount of cytosine
The transforming factor is chromatin
The nucleus contains nuclein, which contains DNA
The genetic code

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The Answer of Chargaff and Griffith and Avery and Crick is...

Quiz 8: DNA Structure and Chromosomal Organization