Question 1

An angular distance measured north or south of the equator from the center of Earth is termed

Accepted Answer

Latitude measures distance north or south of the equator, while longitude measures distance east or west of the prime meridian. Zenith refers to the point directly overhead, and Greenwich distance is not a commonly used astronomical term.

Question 2

If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means that ________ feedback has occurred and that the planet is ________.

Accepted Answer

An increase in carbon dioxide levels leading to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans is an example of positive feedback. This indicates that the planet is out of equilibrium, as there is a self-reinforcing cycle that is driving an increase in temperature and carbon dioxide levels.

Question 3

What type of feedback maintains stability in a system, i.e., what type of feedback keeps a system functioning properly?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback maintains stability in a system by countering any changes that veer away from the system's set point or desired state. It essentially "negates" any deviation from the norm and brings the system back to its original state. Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies changes and can lead to instability or even system failure. Neutral feedback does not have any effect on the stability of a system.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about Earth is correct?

Accepted Answer

The equatorial circumference of Earth is indeed greater than the polar circumference by approximately 57 km (42 mi.), due to the bulge at the equator caused by the Earth's rotation. Earth is not perfectly spherical and is slightly flattened at the poles. Earth is also the third largest planet in the solar system, not the second. Therefore, options A, B, and D are incorrect.

Question 5

The individual who first determined the circumference of Earth did so using all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The individual who first determined the circumference...

Question 6

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

All of the options are correctly matched. Equilibrium refers to the balance of inputs and outputs, steady-state equilibrium refers to small fluctuations about an average condition, and dynamic equilibrium refers to small fluctuations about an average condition that changes gradually over time.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the condition of steady-state equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Steady-state equilibrium refers to a situation where the inputs and outputs of a system fluctuate around a stable average, meaning that the system remains in a relatively constant condition over time. This is different from A, where the system would never change, C where the system would be forced into new equilibria, or D where the system would slowly adjust to long-term changes.

Question 8

The science that specifically attempts to determine Earth's shape and size by surveys and mathematical means is called

Accepted Answer

Geodesy is the branch of earth sciences that deals with the measurement and representation of Earth's shape, gravitational field, and orientation in space. It involves the use of both physical and mathematical methods to determine the size and shape of the Earth.

Question 9

Living systems are considered

Accepted Answer

Living systems refer to all organisms that are alive, which are considered biotic components of ecosystems. Biotic components differ from abiotic components, such as nonliving things like rocks, water, and air. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

The biosphere refers to all living organisms on Earth and their interactions with each other and with the abiotic (non-living) spheres of the planet, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere (water), and lithosphere (land). Life processes are shaped by the abiotic spheres, such as the availability of water and nutrients, temperature and climate, and other environmental factors.

Question 11

The increase in meltponds in Arctic regions is an example of

Accepted Answer

Meltponds in Arctic regions are known to have a positive feedback, as they absorb more solar energy than the ice did. This leads to a reduction in the albedo, which causes more melting and more meltponds. This process accelerates the overall melting of the Arctic ice, leading to more warming and more meltponds.

Question 12

The oblateness of Earth occurs at the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oblateness of Earth occurs at the
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Question 13

The three $\underline { \text { inorganic } }$Earth realms are the

Accepted Answer

The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth, the lithosphere includes the solid Earth (rocks, minerals, etc.), and the atmosphere includes the gases surrounding the Earth. These three realms are the main components of the inorganic Earth. B, C, and D do not accurately represent the inorganic Earth realms.

Question 14

The carbon dioxide that is being added to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels is an example of an ________ variable to the atmosphere and an ________ variable from the lithosphere.

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels is an input to the atmosphere and an output from the lithosphere.

Question 15

Earth's circumference is greatest when measured around the

Accepted Answer

The equator is the circle around the Earth that is equidistant from the poles, and it is the widest circumference on Earth. This circumference is approximately 40,075 kilometers or 24,901 miles. The measurement around the poles is the smallest circumference, approximately 40 kilometers shorter than the equator, due to the flattened shape of the Earth's poles.

Question 16

Which of the following is easily determined using the position of the Sun or stars?

Accepted Answer

Latitude can be determined using the position of the Sun or stars, as it is based on the angle between the horizon and the celestial object.

Question 17

A value for Earth's circumference was first calculated by

Accepted Answer

The correct choice is D because Eratosthenes calculated the Earth's circumference over 2000 years ago using trigonometry and geometrical methods. Columbus didn't calculate the Earth's circumference, Pythagoras made contributions to mathematics but didn't calculate the Earth's circumference, and while modern satellite measurements have provided more accurate measurements of the Earth's circumference, they were not the first to calculate it.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of models?

Accepted Answer

Models are abstract, idealized, and simplified representations of the world.

Question 19

The realization that Earth was a sphere

Accepted Answer

The realization that Earth was a sphere was first made by Pythagoras, a Greek philosopher and mathematician, around 500 BC.

Question 20

If a system responds to a change in input by moving further away from its equilibrium condition, what type of feedback has occurred?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of positive feedback, where a change in input causes a further deviation from the equilibrium condition. In contrast, negative feedback works to counteract deviations from equilibrium, bringing the system back to its original state.

Quiz 1: Foundations of Geography

An angular distance measured north or south of the equator from the center of Earth is termed

If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means that feedback has occurred and that the planet is .

What type of feedback maintains stability in a system, i.e., what type of feedback keeps a system functioning properly?

Which of the following statements about Earth is correct?

The individual who first determined the circumference of Earth did so using all but which of the following?

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Which of the following best describes the condition of steady-state equilibrium?

The science that specifically attempts to determine Earth's shape and size by surveys and mathematical means is called

Living systems are considered

Which of the following is true of the biosphere?

The increase in meltponds in Arctic regions is an example of

The oblateness of Earth occurs at the

The three $\underline { \text { inorganic } }$ Earth realms are the

The carbon dioxide that is being added to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels is an example of an variable to the atmosphere and an variable from the lithosphere.

Earth's circumference is greatest when measured around the

Which of the following is easily determined using the position of the Sun or stars?

A value for Earth's circumference was first calculated by

Which of the following is true of models?

The realization that Earth was a sphere

If a system responds to a change in input by moving further away from its equilibrium condition, what type of feedback has occurred?

Quiz 1: Foundations of Geography

An angular distance measured north or south of the equator from the center of Earth is termed

If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means that ________ feedback has occurred and that the planet is ________.

What type of feedback maintains stability in a system, i.e., what type of feedback keeps a system functioning properly?

Which of the following statements about Earth is correct?

The individual who first determined the circumference of Earth did so using all but which of the following?

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Which of the following best describes the condition of steady-state equilibrium?

The science that specifically attempts to determine Earth's shape and size by surveys and mathematical means is called

Living systems are considered

Which of the following is true of the biosphere?

The increase in meltponds in Arctic regions is an example of

The oblateness of Earth occurs at the

The three inorganic ‾\underline { \text { inorganic } } inorganic ​ Earth realms are the

The carbon dioxide that is being added to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels is an example of an ________ variable to the atmosphere and an ________ variable from the lithosphere.

Earth's circumference is greatest when measured around the

Which of the following is easily determined using the position of the Sun or stars?

A value for Earth's circumference was first calculated by

Which of the following is true of models?

The realization that Earth was a sphere

If a system responds to a change in input by moving further away from its equilibrium condition, what type of feedback has occurred?

If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means that feedback has occurred and that the planet is .

The three $\underline { \text { inorganic } }$ Earth realms are the

The carbon dioxide that is being added to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels is an example of an variable to the atmosphere and an variable from the lithosphere.