Question 1

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are
Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided:
-All college administrators in Boston, Miami, Denver, and Seattle who are Asian women.

Accepted Answer

The accessible population refers to the portion of the target population that the researcher can actually reach or access for the study. In this case, the college administrators in specific cities (Boston, Miami, Denver, and Seattle) who are Asian women represent the accessible population, as these are the individuals the researcher can feasibly include in the study.

Question 2

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are
Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided:
-College administrators in the United States who are Asian women.

Accepted Answer

The target population refers to the entire group of individuals or objects to which researchers are interested in generalizing the conclusions. In this case, the target population is all college administrators in the United States who are Asian women, as the researcher's interest is specifically focused on this group.

Question 3

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are
Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided:
-A return of 45 out of 100 questionnaires.

Accepted Answer

The actual sample refers to the group of respondents who actually participated in the study, which in this case is the 45 out of 100 who returned the questionnaires.

Question 4

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are
Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided:
-A sample of 100 college administrators in all the universities of Boston, Miami, Denver, Seattle who are Asian women.

Accepted Answer

The selected sample refers to the specific group chosen from the accessible population for the study, which in this case is the 100 college administrators who are Asian women from universities in Boston, Miami, Denver, and Seattle.

Question 5

A researcher is interested in the disappearance of spotted owls from Northwestern forests. She studies 10 breeding pairs of spotted owls in Cascade National Park for one year. The 10 breeding pairs are the:

Accepted Answer

The 10 breeding pairs of spotted owls that the researcher studies in Cascade National Park for one year constitute the selected sample from the broader population of all spotted owls in Northwestern forests.

Question 6

A researcher is interested in road rage and wants to study commuters' driving behavior in different parts of the United States. She examines driving behavior in the North, South, East, and West. These geographical regions are examples of:

Accepted Answer

The geographical regions mentioned in the scenario are examples of strata, which are subgroups of the population that share similar characteristics. By examining driving behavior in different strata, the researcher can gain a better understanding of how road rage varies across different parts of the United States. Clusters refer to groups of individuals or units that are similar to each other, while selected samples are subsets of the population that have been chosen for study based on specific criteria.

Question 7

A researcher in Denver wants to study US HMO physicians' satisfaction with managed care. All HMO physicians are selected or sampled from 30 randomly selected cities and towns in the US. This is an example of what type of sampling technique:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of cluster sampling, as the researcher is selecting clusters (cities and towns) and then sampling all HMO physicians within those clusters. Stratified sampling would involve dividing the population into subgroups and sampling from each subgroup based on predetermined criteria. "Selected samples" is not a recognized term in sampling techniques.

Question 8

A researcher is studying the nutritional consumption of high school students during the lunch hour. He has a sample of students where each and every high school student has an equal and independent chance of being included in the sample. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes simple random sampling because each high school student has an equal and independent chance of being included in the sample.

Question 9

A researcher wants to sample one-fourth of a population of geriatric patients for a study on anemia. Using a random number table, he selects the second person on the list as the first participant and samples the 2^nd, 6^th, 10^th, etc. people from his sample. This is an example of what type of sampling:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of systematic random sampling, as the researcher selects every nth person from the list in a systematic manner. It is not simple random sampling because the selection is not completely random and not every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It is also not stratified random sampling because the population is not divided into strata based on certain characteristics. It is not stratified random sampling with differential probabilities because each member of the population has the same probability of being selected.

Question 10

A researcher wants to study ethnic variations in students' study habits at a major university. There are 80% Caucasians, 10% African Americans, and 10% Hispanics at the university. The researcher wants his sample to reflect the proportions of ethnic groups at the university. He would use what type of sampling technique:

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling would be the best choice as it allows the researcher to select a sample that reflects the proportions of ethnic groups at the university. This ensures that the sample is representative of the population and allows for meaningful comparisons to be made across different ethnic groups.

Question 11

A researcher is investigating the use of homeopathic remedies among different socio-economic groups. She has to over-sample Native Americans from her accessible population in order to obtain a representative sample. This is an example of what type of sampling technique:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of stratified random sampling with differential probabilities because the researcher is intentionally over-sampling a specific group, Native Americans, to ensure they are represented in the sample. This requires assigning different probabilities of selection to each stratum based on their relative population size and/or their importance for the research question.

Question 12

A researcher is going door-to-door to locate elderly individuals to interview for a study on aging. She has been assigned to a specific grid of city blocks. This is an example of what type of sampling technique:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is going door-to-door to locate...

Question 13

A researcher is interested in the effects of miscarriage on women's self-esteem. She hand picks a group of women from a women's center in a large, urban area who are in a group support program post-miscarriage. This is an example of what type of sampling technique:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of purposive sampling, where the researcher selects participants based on specific criteria or characteristics relevant to their research question. In this case, the researcher is interested in studying the effects of miscarriage on women's self-esteem and therefore, selects women who have experienced miscarriage and are in a group support program post-miscarriage.

Question 14

A researcher is interested in studying dual-earner Hispanic couples. She receives names of other couples from some of her interviewees. This is an example of what type of sampling technique:

Accepted Answer

The sampling technique described is snowball sampling since the researcher is relying on referrals from current interviewees to find additional participants.

Question 15

Aspects of a study that may result in an unrepresentative sample include:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed aspects can result in an unrepresentative sample. Convenience sampling may result in a biased sample that is not representative of the population. Poor response rates can lead to non-response bias, where those who do not respond are systematically different from those who do. High experimental mortality for some groups and not others can also result in a biased sample, where the survivors are not representative of the original sample. Therefore, all the options are the best choices.

Question 16

Ecological validity ratings are based on:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ecological validity ratings are based on:
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Question 17

Match the following examples with their appropriate concepts:
-Jill wants to study 10 people from a population of 100. She has a list of everybody's names and randomly picks numbers 52, 38, 17, 90, 41, 3, 78, 12, 1, 66.

Accepted Answer

Jill's method of selecting participants by randomly choosing numbers from a list of everyone's names in the population is an example of simple random sampling. This method ensures each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 18

Match the following examples with their appropriate concepts: -Judy wants to study a population of new college students, N=100. She wants to study 10 students. She randomly picks a number between 1 and 10. Let's say 3. Starting with the 3^rd person on her list, she samples every 10^th person (3^rd, 13^th, 23^rd, etc.).

Accepted Answer

Judy is using systematic random sampling because she is selecting every 10th person from the population by starting with a random person and then selecting others at a regular interval.

Question 19

Match the following examples with their appropriate concepts: -Carlos wants to recruit 60% females and 40% males from a population of 365 12^th grade students. He randomly selects 66 females and 44 males.

Accepted Answer

Carlos wants to recruit a specific proportion of females and males from the population, indicating a need for stratification. The sample is selected randomly within each stratum, making it a stratified random sample.

Question 20

Match the following examples with their appropriate concepts:
-Rudy recruits sophomore college students from 4 accessible universities for a leadership study.

Accepted Answer

Rudy's method of selecting sophomore college students from 4 accessible universities for a leadership study is an example of convenience sampling because it involves choosing participants that are easiest to access rather than selecting from the entire population in a random manner.

Quiz 9: Sampling and Introduction to External Validity

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided: -All college administrators in Boston, Miami, Denver, and Seattle who are Asian women.

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided: -College administrators in the United States who are Asian women.

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided: -A return of 45 out of 100 questionnaires.

A researcher is interested in the number of college administrators in the United States who are Asian women. Match the following concepts with the examples provided: -A sample of 100 college administrators in all the universities of Boston, Miami, Denver, Seattle who are Asian women.