Question 1

Claims begin the process of argument by identifying the stand being taken.

Accepted Answer

Claims are statements that assert a specific viewpoint or position on a particular topic, issue or idea. They lay the foundation for an argument by providing a clear stand being taken by the speaker or writer.

Question 2

Claims end the process of argument by stating what the listener or reader is expected to accept as true or probable.

Accepted Answer

Claims are statements that express a belief or opinion and are presented as true or probable, with the expectation that the listener or reader will accept them as such. They are used to support an argument or position and to persuade others to adopt a certain view or take a certain action.

Question 3

A claim may offer a conclusion about a fact, definition, value, or policy.

Accepted Answer

A claim can offer a conclusion about any of these categories: fact (asserting something is true or false), definition (offering a way to categorize something), value (evaluating something according to standards), or policy (recommending a course of action).

Question 4

"It is morally wrong to sell grain to China," is a factual claim.

Accepted Answer

This is a value judgment, not a statement of fact. What is considered morally wrong varies among individuals and cultures.

Question 5

Factual claims are, in principle, directly verifiable or provable by direct recourse to the proof which supports them.

Accepted Answer

Factual claims are statements that can be proven or verified using evidence, data, or logical reasoning. In other words, they are based on verifiable facts and can be supported by direct evidence or proof. Therefore, factual claims are directly verifiable or provable by recourse to the proof which supports them.

Question 6

"The United States will continue to sell grain to China," is a factual claim.

Accepted Answer

As of 2021, the United States is still selling grain to China.

Question 7

"For the bookstore to pay students less that the wholesale value for a used textbook is an outrage," is an example of a factual claim.

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of a value claim because it expresses an opinion or judgment about what is right or wrong, rather than stating a verifiable fact.

Question 8

"The bookstore typically pays students about 40% of the wholesale value of a used textbook," is an example of a factual claim.

Accepted Answer

This is a statement about how much the bookstore pays students for used textbooks, which can be objectively verified as true or false.

Question 9

"The wholesale value of a used textbook is the price per copy that the bookstore pays the wholesale provider before adding its own amount to the retail price charged to students," is an example of a definitional claim.

Accepted Answer

The statement provides a definition for "wholesale value," indicating that it is the price paid by the bookstore to the wholesale provider. Therefore, it is a definitional claim.

Question 10

"The bookstore should pay students the wholesale value for a used textbook," is an example of a factual claim.

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of a normative claim because it suggests what should be done, rather than stating a fact that can be proven true or false.

Question 11

Claims may be stated as compound sentences in order to make argumentation more economical

Accepted Answer

Compound sentences allow for the inclusion of two or more claims in a single sentence, making argumentation more concise and efficient.

Question 12

"The United States should not sell grain to China," is a factual claim.

Accepted Answer

This is a normative claim, expressing an opinion or value judgment rather than a factual statement.

Question 13

The grounds are that portion of the argument which requires further proof before the listener is willing to accept it as verified.

Accepted Answer

The grounds in an argument are the evidence or facts that support the claim, not the part that requires further proof.

Question 14

The information used to ground claims needs to be evaluated for reliability, quality, consistency, and audience acceptability.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. When presenting claims, it is important to consider the quality and reliability of the evidence used to support those claims, as well as whether it is consistent and appropriate for the intended audience.

Question 15

The warrant is the conclusion which the listener does not want to accept or assume, but toward which we attempt to move his thoughts and beliefs through argumentation.

Accepted Answer

The warrant in an argument is the underlying assumption that connects the evidence to the claim, not the conclusion the listener resists. It provides the justification for why the evidence supports the claim.

Question 16

The reasoning process in a unit of argument is moving from grounds, through the warrant, to proving the claim statement.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the structure of an argument. The grounds provide evidence or support for a claim, the warrant connects the grounds to the claim by explaining how the evidence supports the conclusion, and the claim statement is the overall argument being made.

Question 17

The backing provides the mental leap from grounds to claim.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The backing provides the mental leap from...

Question 18

The secondary triad in the Toulmin Model of argument, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal, show an argument's strength or force.

Accepted Answer

The secondary triad in the Toulmin Model (backing, qualifier, and rebuttal) are meant to support and strengthen the argument, thus showing its force.

Question 19

Rebuttal phrases show the degree of force which the arguer believes his claim possesses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rebuttal phrases show the degree of force...

Question 20

Qualifier phrases show the degree of force which the arguer believes his claim possesses.

Accepted Answer

Qualifier phrases such as "probably", "possibly", "likely", etc. indicate the level of certainty or probability the arguer attributes to their claim. Thus, they show the degree of force with which the arguer believes their claim to be true.

Quiz 5: How Is a Unit of Argument Created